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Miriam Shapira-Luria

Miriam Shapira-Luria
une illustration sous licence libre serait bienvenue
Biographie
Naissance
Activités

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Miriam Shapira-Luria, également connue sous le nom de Rabbanit Miriam, est une érudite talmudique de la fin du Moyen Âge. Selon l'universitaire Lawrence H. Fuchs, elle est l'une des femmes talmudistes « les plus remarquables »[1].

Famille

Miriam Shapira-Luria vit au XIIIe[1],[2], à la fin du XIVe ou au début du XVe siècle[3],[4],[5],[6],[7] à Constance, à la frontière sud de l'Allemagne[6]. Son père, le rabbin Solomon Shapira, est un descendant de Rachi, commentateur et talmudiste du XIe siècle[4],[5],[7]. Le frère de Shapira-Luria est le rabbin Peretz de Constance[7]. Son mari, Yochanan Luria[4] est aussi un rabbin, connu pour son interprétation libérale du Talmud[1].

Enseignante de Talmud

Shapira-Luria, également connue sous le nom de Rabbanit Miriam[3], enseigne à Padoue, en Italie[8]. Elle dirige une yeshiva et donne des conférences publiques sur les codes de droit juifs[5],[6]. Elle connait parfaitement la littérature rabbinique[7] et d'après Nahida Ruth Lazarus, ses « discussions talmudiques avec d'autres savants distingués de son temps font sensation »[9]. Les enseignantes communautaires sont rares dans la tradition juive mais « pas sans précédent », selon Norma Baumel Joseph, qui cite comme autres exemples Huldah, Brouria, Asenath Barzani et Nechama Leibowitz[10].

Les sources du dix-neuvième siècle rapportent que Shapira-Luria, connue pour sa beauté, se place derrière un rideau lorsqu'elle enseigne le Talmud à des jeunes hommes afin qu'ils ne soient pas distraits par son apparence[3],[6].

Descendance

Shapira-Luria est l'ancêtre de la famille rabbinique Luria[7], elle est notamment la grand-mère du posseq Solomon Luria (en)[4].

Voir également

Références

  1. ↑ a b et c Lawrence H. Fuchs, Beyond Patriarchy: Jewish Fathers and Families, University Press of New England, (ISBN 978-0-87451-941-9, lire en ligne), p. 68
  2. ↑ Sondra Henry et Emily Taitz, Written out of History: A Hidden Legacy of Jewish Women Revealed Through Their Writings and Letters, Bloch Publishing Company, (lire en ligne), 87
  3. ↑ a b et c Joyce Eisenberg et Ellen Scolnic, The JPS Dictionary of Jewish Words, Jewish Publication Society, (ISBN 978-0-8276-0723-1, lire en ligne), p. 114
  4. ↑ a b c et d Menachem Mendl Brayer, The Jewish Woman in Rabbinic literature, Volume 1, Ktav Publishing House, , 104, 113 (ISBN 978-0-88125-072-5, lire en ligne)
  5. ↑ a b et c Shuly Rubin-Schwartz, The Rabbi's Wife: The Rebbetzin in American Jewish Life, New York University Press, (ISBN 978-0-8147-4016-3, lire en ligne), p. 12
  6. ↑ a b c et d Gustav Karpeles, Jewish Literature, and Other Essays, Jewish Publication Society, (lire en ligne), 117
  7. ↑ a b c d et e Papers Read Before the Jews College Literary Society During the Session 1886-7, The Jewish Chronicle, (lire en ligne), 86
  8. ↑ Emily Taitz et Sondra Henry, Remarkable Jewish Women: Rebels, Rabbis, and Other Women from Biblical Times to the Present, Jewish Publication Society, (ISBN 978-0-8276-0573-2, lire en ligne), 42
  9. ↑ [[Nahida Ruth Lazarus (en)|Nahida Remy]], The Jewish Woman, Bloch Publishing Company, (lire en ligne)
  10. ↑ Baumel Joseph, Norma. The Feminist Challenge to Judaism: Critique and Transformation, in Joy, Morny; Neumaier-Dargyay, Eva K.; Gerhart, Mary (1995). Gender, Genre and Religion: Feminist Reflections. Wilfrid Laurier University Press. p. 63.

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