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Pooideae

Les Pooideae sont une sous-famille de plantes monocotylédones de la famille des Poaceae (graminées). C'est la plus importante sous-famille de graminées avec plus de 4 200 espèces regroupées en 200 genres environ. Elle comprend notamment des céréales importantes telles que le blé, l'orge, l'avoine, le seigle et de nombreuses espèces cultivées comme plantes fourragères ou pour créer des pelouses d'agrément. On les désigne parfois aux États-Unis comme « graminées de saison fraîche (cool-season grasses), parce qu'elles sont adaptées aux régions de climat tempéré[1]. Toutes ces plantes ont une photosynthèse en C3.

Les Pooideae sont le groupe frère des Bambusoideae au sein du clade BEP, et sont elles-mêmes subdivisées en 14 tribus[1].

Synonymes

Selon Soreng et al.[2] :

  • Agrostidoideae Kunth ex Beilschm. (1833)
  • Anthoxanthoideae Link (1827)
  • Avenoideae Link (1827)
  • Cynosuroideae Link (1827)
  • Echinarioideae Link (1827)
  • Festucoideae Link (1827)
  • Glycerioideae Link (1827)
  • Hordeoideae Burmeist. (1837)
  • Phalaridoideae Burmeist. (1837)
  • Secaloideae Rouy (1913],
  • Stipoideae Burmeist. (1837)

Description

Les inflorescences sont des panicules ou des épis. Les épillets ont une ou plusieurs fleurs. Les fleurs sont hermaphrodites. Les glumelles ont habituellement cinq nervures parfois plus. Les lodicules sont triangulaires. La fleur a trois étamines, rarement moins. Les styles sont libres.

Phylogénie

Cladogramme, selon une classification phylogénétique de 2015, montrant les relations phylogénétiques entre les tribus de Pooideae, ainsi que la position des bambous comme groupe frère[1],[3] :


bambous (Bambusoideae)


Pooideae

Brachyelytreae





Lygeeae



Nardeae





Phaenospermateae





Brylkinieae



Meliceae






Ampelodesmeae



Stipeae





Diarrheneae


« noyau des Pooideae »

Brachypodieae




Poeae


Triticodae

Littledaleae




Bromeae



Triticeae












Classification

Selon Julia Schneider et al. (2009)[4] la classification est la suivante :

Tribu sous-tribu genres principaux
Brachyelytreae Brachyelytrum
Nardeae Nardinae Nardus
Lygeinae Lygeum
Meliceae Brylkiniinae Brylkinia
Melicinae Glyceria, Lycochloa, Melica, Pleuropogon, Schizachne, Streblochaete, Triniochloa
Phaenospermateae Anisopogon, Duthiea, Danthoniastrum, Phaenospermata, Sinochasea
Stipeae Ampelodesinae Ampelodesmos
Stipinae Achnatherum, Nassella, Stipa, Piptatherum
Diarrheneae Diarrhena
Brachypodieae Brachypodium
Triticeae Littledaleinae Littledalea
Bromae Boissiera, Bromus
Hordeinae Aegilops, Agropyron, Amblyopyrum, Australopyrum, Cockaynea, Crithopsis, Dasypyrum, Elymus, Elytrigia, Eremopyrum, Festucopsis, Henrardia, Heteranthelium, Hordelymus, Hordeum, Hystrix, Kengyilia, Leymus, Lophopyrum, Malacurus, Pascopyrum, Peridictyon, Psathyrostachys, Pseudoroegneria, Secale, Sitanion, Taeniatherum, Thinopyrum, Triticum
Aveneae
(clade Avenae/Poeae)
Agrostis, Airopsis, Ammochloa, Ammophila, Amphibromus, Ancistragrostis, Aniselytron, Anthoxanthum, Antinoria, Apera, Arrhenatherum, Avellinia, Avena, Avenula, Briza, Calamagrostis, Chaetopogon, Cinna, Cornucopiae, Corynephorus, Cyathopus, Danthoniastrus, Deyeuxxia, Dichelachne, Dielsiochloa, Echinopogon, Euthryptochloa, Gastridium, Gaudinia, Gaudiniopsis, Graphephorum, Helictotrichon, Hierochloe, Hyalopoa, Hypseochloa, Koeleria, Lagurus, Leptagrostis, Libyella, Limnas, Limnodea, Linkagrostis, Maillea, Metcalfia, Mibora, Nephelochloa, Pentapogon, Periballia, Peyritschia, Phalaris, Pilgerochloa, Polypogon, Pseudarrhenatherum, Pseudodanthonia, Pseudophleum, Relchela, Rhizocephalus, Scribneria, Sphenopholis, Stephanachne, Stilpnophleum, Tovarochloa, Triplachne, Trisetum, Vahlodea
Poeae
(clade Avenae/Poeae)
Agropyropsis, Aira, Alopecurus, Anthochloa, Aphanelytrum, Arctagrostis, Arctophila, Austrofestuca, Avenella, Beckmannia, Bellardiochloa, Calosteca, Castellia, Catabrosa, Catabrosella, Catapodium, Coleanthus, Colpodium, Ctenopsis, Cutandia, Cynosurus, Dactylis, Dasypoa, Desmazeria, Deschampsia, Dissanthelium, Dryopoa, Dupontia, Eremopoa, Erianthecium, Festuca, Festucella, Gymnachne, Holcus, Hainardia, Helleria, Hookerochloa, Lamarckia, Leucopoa, Lindbergella, Loliolum, Lolium, Phleum, Lombardochloa, Megalachne, Microbriza, Micropyropsis, Micropyrum, Milium, Narduroides, Parafestuca, Parapholis, Phippsia, Pholiurus, Poa, Podophorus, Poidium, Pseudobromus, Psilurus, Puccinellia, Rhomboelytrum, Sclerochloa, Scolochloa, Sesleria, Simplicia, Sphenopus, Torreyochloa, Tsvelevia, Vulpia, Ventenata, Vulpiella, Wangenheimia, Zingeria

Liste des tribus, sous-tribus, genres, espèces, sous-espèces, variétés, formes et non-classés

Selon GRIN (8 août 2014)[5] :

Selon GRIN (8 août 2014)[5] :

Notes et références

  1. a b et c (en) Robert J. Soreng, Paul M. Peterson, Konstantin Romschenko, Gerrit Davidse, Fernando O. Zuloaga, Emmet J. Judziewicz, Tarciso S. Filgueiras, Jerrold I. Davis et Osvaldo Morrone, « A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae) », Journal of Systematics and Evolution, vol. 53, no 2,‎ , p. 117–137 (ISSN 1674-4918, DOI 10.1111/jse.12150) Accès libre.
  2. (en) Robert Soreng, Gerrit Davidse, Paul Peterson, F. Zuloaga, Emmet Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, Osvaldo Morrone & Konstantin Romaschenko, « A world-wide phylogenetic classification of Poaceae (Gramineae) », sur ResearchGate, (consulté le ).
  3. (en) R. J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P. M. Peterson, F. O. Zuloaga, E. J. Judziewicz, T. S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone† & K. Romaschenko, « A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae): căo (草), capim, çayır, çimen, darbha, ghaas, ghas, gish, gramas, graminius, gräser, grasses, gyokh, he-ben-ke, hullu, kasa, kusa, nyasi, pastos, pillu, pullu, zlaki, etc. », sur Tropicos,‎ .
  4. (en) Julia Schneider, Elke Döring, Khidir W. Hilu et Martin Röser, « Phylogenetic structure of the grass subfamily Pooideae based on comparison of plastid matK gene-3 ' trnK exon and nuclear ITS sequences », Taxon, vol. 58, no 2,‎ , p. 405-424 (résumé)
  5. a et b USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN-Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland., consulté le 8 août 2014

Voir aussi

Article connexe

Liens externes

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