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Proto-yonaguni

Proto-yonaguni
Langues filles Yonaguni moderne naissant, puis yonaguni moderne[1]
Région Île de Yonaguni
Classification par famille

Le proto-yonaguni (aussi appelé pré-yonaguni[2]) est la forme reconstruite d'une ancienne période historique de la langue yonaguni moderne.

Classification

Le yonaguni est une langue ryūkyū, à l'instar de l'okinawaïen, du miyako ou de l'amami du Nord. Ce groupe appartient à la famille de langues japoniques, qui comprennent également le japonais et possiblement des langues éteintes anciennement parlées en Corée (l'hypothèse des langues japoniques péninsulaires)[3].

Il y a un désaccord entre les linguistes concernant la position du yonaguni dans les langues ryūkyū[4]. En effet, certains l'incluent dans la branche méridionale de ce groupe (avec le miyako et le yaeyama)[5],[6],[7],[8], certains même dans une sous-branche macro-yaeyama[9],[10],[11],[12],[13], tandis que d'autres le classent à part dans les langues ryūkyū[14],[15],[16]. Selon certains, le proto-yonaguni descend du proto-sakishima, comme le proto-miyako et le proto-yaeyama[17].

Innovations

Michinori Shimoji, qui est favorable à l'inclusion du yonaguni dans le groupe macro-yaeyama remarque que la particule =nu, qui marque l'agentif (cas grammatical), a été perdue en proto-miyako-yaeyama. Il pense donc qu'il s'agit d'une innovation du proto-yonaguni plutôt qu'une caractéristique retenue en proto-macro-yaeyama[1].

Controverses

Certains linguistes, dont John R. Bentley et Moriyo Shimabukuro, rejettent la reconstruction du proto-yonaguni faite par Teruo Hirayama (1964) car elle est seulement basée sur le dialecte de Sonai[a], les autres dialectes n'étant pas attestés dans la littérature[18],[19],[20],[21]. Selon Bentley, il serait même impossible de le reconstruire, c'est pourquoi il ne se base que sur le seul dialecte attesté — Ainsi que d'autres proto-langues — pour reconstruire l'accent du proto-ryūkyūan[22].

Notes et références

Notes

  1. « Localisation du quartier de Sonai, à Yonaguni » Accès libre, sur Google Maps (consulté le )

Références

  1. a et b Shimoji (2014), p. 94
  2. Bentley 2008.
  3. Vovin 2017, p. 2 ; 5-6.
  4. Lin 2013, p. 6-7.
  5. (en) « Sakishima » Accès libre, sur Ethnologue (consulté le )
  6. Hirayama 1992-1994.
  7. Karimata 1999.
  8. (en-US) Sean Kim, « [OLD] The History of the Japonic Languages » Accès libre, sur youtube.com, (consulté le )
  9. Pellard 2009, p. 264.
  10. Pellard 2015, p. 15.
  11. (en) « Glottolog 4.7 - Southern Ryukyu » Accès libre, sur glottolog.org (consulté le )
  12. Pellard, Yamada et Shimoji 2015, p. 449.
  13. Robbeets 2020, p. 6.
  14. Shibata 1972.
  15. Thorpe 1983, p. 2-3.
  16. Vovin 2014, p. 9.
  17. Elmer 2019, p. 12.
  18. Bentley 2008, p. 194.
  19. Shimabukoro 2002, p. 283.
  20. Lin 2019, p. 232.
  21. Shimabukoro 2007, p. 134.
  22. Bentley 2007, p. 258.

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

  • (en) Alexander Vovin, Origins of the Japanese Language, Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics, (lire en ligne Accès libre)
  • (en) Alexander Vovin, Out of Southern China?, EHESS/CRLAO, (lire en ligne Accès libre)
  • (en) Chihkai Lin, A Reconstruction of Old Okinawan: A Corpus-Based Approach, Honolulu : University of Hawaii at Manoa, (lire en ligne Accès libre)
  • (en) Chihkai Lin, A case study of accent shift in the Ryukyuan languages, De Gruyter, (DOI 10.1515/9783110610895-009, lire en ligne Accès libre)
  • (en) John R. Bentley, Pre-Yonaguni, Languages of Asia, (DOI 10.1163/ej.9781905246571.i-310.26)
  • (en) John R. Bentley, Reconstruction of Proto-Ryukyuan accent, Global Oriental,
  • (en) Maner Lawton Thorpe, Ryūkyūan language history, University of Southern California, (lire en ligne Accès libre)
  • (en) Martine Robbeets, Archaeolinguistic evidence for the farming/language dispersal of Koreanic, Oxford University Press, (lire en ligne Accès libre)
  • (en) Michinori Shimoji, A syntactic description of Yonaguni Ryukyuan: with a special focus on alignment and case-marking, 思言 東京外国語大学記述言語学論集 第 10 号,‎ (lire en ligne Accès libre)
  • (en) Moriyo Shimabukuro, A reconstruction of the accentual history of the Japanese and Ryukyuan languages, Mānoa (Hawaï), Université de Hawaï, (lire en ligne Accès libre)
  • (en) Moriyo Shimabukuro, Reconstruction Of Proto-Ryukyuan Accent, Brill,
  • (en) Patrick Elmer, Origins of the Japanese languages - A multidisciplinary approach, Vienne, Universität Wien, (lire en ligne Accès libre)
  • (ja) Shigehisa Karimata, Ryūkyū Miyako shohōgen no on’in, Nishihara,
  • (ja) Takeshi Shibata, Zenkoku hōgen shiryō : Dai jūikkan Ryūkyū hen II, Tokyo, Nihon Hōsō Kyōkai,
  • (ja) Teruo Hirayama, Gendai nihongo hōgen daijiten, Tokyo, Meiji shoin, 1992-1994
  • (ja) Teruo Hirayama et Masachie Nakamoto, Ryûkyû Yonaguni Hôgen no Sôgôteki Kenkyû [« Une étude exhaustive du dialecte ryukyuan yonaguni »], Tokyo, Meiji Shoin,
  • (en) Thomas Pellard, Masahiro Yamada et Michinori Shimoji, Dunan grammar (Yonaguni Ryukyuan), CRLAO, (lire en ligne Accès libre)
  • Thomas Pellard, Ōgami: Éléments de description d’un parler du Sud des Ryūkyū, EHESS, (lire en ligne Accès libre)
  • (en) Thomas Pellard, The linguistic archeology of the Ryukyu Islands, CRLAO, (DOI 10.1515/9781614511151.13, HAL hal-01289257, lire en ligne Accès libre)

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