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Eutanasy

Eutanasy (Gryksk: εὖ (eu) = "goede" en θάνατος (thanatos) = "dea"), goede dea, mylde dea of genededea ferwiist nei hannelings dy't it stjerren sûnder tefolle lijen fan in oare persoan befoarderje. Neffens taalweb fan de Fryske Akademy betsjuteutanasy: "it stjerre litten fan pasjinten dy't net te genêzen binne of ûndraachlik lije, troch it jaan fan beskate middels of it neilitten fan in medyske hanneling". Yn de measte lannen is eutanasy wetlik ferbean en wurdt it ferfolge as in misdriuw. Yn guon lannen, wêrûnder Nederlân, is eutanasy wetlik tastien. Hoewol't de term earder ferskillende betsjuttings hie, betsjut it hjoed-de-dei foar it aktive meitsjen fan it libben op fersyk fan de pasjint sels.

Betsjutting

Hoewol't eutanasy yn de Nederlânske wet dúdlik omskreaun wurdt, wurdt de term bûten dy betsjuttenis ek wol foar oare begripen mei ferskate oare betsjuttings brûkt:

  • It bieden fan geastlike en lichaamlike ferlichting by it stjerren, sûnder libbensferkoarting.
  • Help by it stjerren mei libbensferkoarting
  • It feroarsaakjen fan de dea, al as net op fersyk fan de belutsene.
  • In ein meitsje oan in 'libben sûnder wearde'.

Guon meitsje tagelyk ûnderskaat tusken "aktive eutanasy" en "passive eutanasy". By aktive eutanasy wurdt in deadlik middel jûn. By passive eutanasy wurdt ôfsjoen fan fierdere behanneling by in terminale pasjint. Dat is wynliken gjin eutanasy, mar wurdt it "medyske abstininsje" neamd, dat ta it normaal medysk hanneljen heart. Foarbylden dêrfan binne:

  • it net jaan fan in (medyske) behanneling dy't neffens de jildende medyske ynsichten om 'e nocht is,
  • it net jaan fan in (medyske) behanneling om't dêr gjin tastimming foar jûn waard,
  • it einigjen of it net dwaan fan in behanneling op fersyk fan de pasjint, sa't it libben fan de pasjint net keunstmjittich ferlinge wurdt: ophâlden mei it jaan fan medisinen en/of iten troch it ynfús of it útskeakeljen fan guon apparatuer dy't de pasjint yn libben hâldt,

In oar ûnderskaat dat ek wol makke wurdt, is tusken "streekrjochte eutanasy" en "net-streekrjochte eutanasy". By streekrjochte eutanasy wurdt in middel jûn mei it doel foar it ferstjerren. By net-streekrjochte eutanasy wurdt in middel jûn dy't ynearsten de pine fersêftsje moat, dat ynearsten net as doel hat, mar wol besleur hawwend fan it akseptearre by-effekt dat de pasjint earder komt te ferstjerren. De term "libbensbeëiniging" wurdt dan ek wol troch "lijensbeëiniging ferfongen.

By bisten wurdt yn it algemien fan eutanasy sprutsen as in bist dy't lijt deamakke wurdt om it dêrtroch fierder lijen te besparjen.

Skiednis

Yn 1973 kaam de eutanasy wiidweidich yn diskusje troch in rjochtssaak tsjin de dokter G.E. Postma-Van Boven út Noardwâlde.

Op 23 febrewaris 1973 waard de Nederlânske Feriening foar Frijwillige Eutanasy (NVVE) yn Finkegea oprjochte, nei 2006 feroare de namme yn Nederlânske Feriening foar in Frijwillich Libbensein.

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