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Nelson Mandela

Nelson Mandela yn 2008
Mandele fûstket mei De Klerk, 1992

Nelson (Rolihlahla) Mandela (Mvezo, 18 july 1918 - Johannesburg, 5 desimber 2013) wie presidint fan Súd-Afrika fan 1994 oant 1999. Hy krige yn 1993, tegearre mei Frederik Willem de Klerk, de Nobelpriis foar de Frede. Mandela wurdt rûnom respektearre om syn stânfêste striid tsjin de apartheid. Hy hat ek de earste swarte presidint fan Súd-Afrika west. Tusken 1991 oant 1997 wie Mandela foarsitter fan it ANC.

Mandela waard berne yn Umtata (yn it eardere Transkei), as soan fan in pleatslik stammehaad. Hy waard yn 1961 as ien fan de ANC-lieders beskuldige fan ferried, mar koe lykswols frijsprutsen wurde. Yn 1964 waard er opnij oppakt, diskear omdat er him ynlitten hie mei de Rivonia-binde, in groepearring dy't moardoanslagen begie tsjin blanken yn Súd-Afrika. Hy krige dêrfoar in libbenslange finzenskip oplein, dy't hy benammen útsitten hat op it Robbeneilân, dêr't hy it symboal waard foar de wrâldwide anti-apartheidsbeweging. Yn 1969 kaam syn âldste soan Madiba Thembekile om it libben by in auto-ûngefal. Nelson krige gjin tastimming om by de begraffenis te wêzen.

Nei 27 jier finzenskip kaam hy yn febrewaris 1990 frij, mei tastimming fan de destiidske presidint De Klerk. Syn frijlitting soarge oer de hiele wrâld foar in soad bliidskip. It ferbod op it ANC waard opheft en Nelson waard yn july 1991 keazen ta nije foarsitter. Mei it doetiidske regear fierde hy ûnderhandelingen oer de takomst fan Súd-Afrika. Der kaam in tydlik regear dat as taak krige it om herfoarmings yn te fieren en it lân te lieden nei frije ferkiezings foar elkenien.

De ferkiezings waarden troch it ANC wûn. Yn 1994 waard der in nasjonaal ienheidsregear gearstald mei Mandela as presidint (hy wie doe 75 jier). Mandela groeide gau yn syn rol fan âldere steatsman en koe mei help fan û.o. biskop Desmond Tutu, in sfear fan nasjonale fersoening ta stân bringe.

Yn desimber 1997 stoppe hy as presidint fan it ANC ta geunste fan syn opfolger, Thabo Mbeki. Sûnt dy tiid hat er benammen in seremoanjele funksje.

De lêste jierren fan Mandelas' libben waard syn sûnens stadichoan minder. Begjin juny 2013 waard hy opnommen mei 'slimme' ynfeksjes oan syn longen. Hy waard ûntslein út it sikehûs op 1 septimber. Mandela ferstoar yn desimber 2013 op 95-jierrige leeftyd yn syn wente yn Jehannesburch.

Literatuer

  • Mandela, N. - Long walk to freedom : the autobiography of Nelson Mandela, London, 1994.
  • Mandela, N. - The struggle is my life : his speeches and writings brought together with historical documents and accounts of Mandela in prison by fellow-prisoners, London, 1990.
  • Meer, F. - Nelson Mandela. Zijn leven, Breda, 1995.
  • Nicol M. - Mandela : het geautoriseerde portret, Arnhem, 2006.
  • James Gregory en Bob Graham, Goodbye Bafana

Keppelings om utens

Wikimedia Commons Ofbylden dy't by dit ûnderwerp hearre, binne te finen yn de kategory Nelson Mandela fan Wikimedia Commons.

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