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Nación Navajo

Modelo:Xeografía políticaNación Navajo
Naabeehó Bináhásdzo (nv) Editar o valor en Wikidata
Imaxe

Localización
Editar o valor en Wikidata Mapa
 36°11′13″N 109°34′25″O / 36.186944444444, -109.57361111111
EstadoEstados Unidos de América
Estado federadoArizona Editar o valor en Wikidata
Poboación
Poboación173.667 (2010) Editar o valor en Wikidata (2,78 hab./km²)
Xeografía
Superficie62.362 km² Editar o valor en Wikidata
Creación1 de xuño de 1868 Editar o valor en Wikidata
Organización política
Órgano lexislativoConsello da Nación Navajo , Editar o valor en Wikidata

Sitio webnavajo-nsn.gov Editar o valor en Wikidata

A Nación Navajo[1] (en navajo: Naabeehó Bináhásdzo) é un territorio nativo americano semiautónomo habitado polo pobo navajo. Abrangue 71.000 km2, ocupando anacos do nordeste de Arizona, sueste de Utah e noroeste Novo México. É a meirande área asignada principalmente baixo a xurisdición nativa americana dos Estados Unidos.

Nome

En inglés, o nome inicial da zona era "Navajo Indian Reservation" ("Reserva India Navajo"), gobernado dende 1923 polo "Consello tribal Navajo". O 15 de abril de 1969, o nome oficial no escudo utilizado polo goberno foi cambiado a "Navajo Nation" (Nación Navajo), indicando que a partir dese día "toda a correspondencia, inmóbil [sic], papel de carta [...] da tribo Navajo utilizaría a denominación Nación Navajo para identificar a tribo".[2] En 1994, unha proposta de cambiar a designación oficial de "Navajo" a "Diné" foi rexeitada polo consello. Eles dixeron que o nome Diné representaba o tempo de sufrimento antes da Longa marcha, e o termo Navajo é a axeitada designación para o futuro.[3]

En navajo, a entidade xeográfica cos límites fronteirizos delimitados é coñecido como "Naabeehó Bináhásdzo". Isto contrasta con "Diné Bikéyah" e "Naabeehó Bikéyah" para a idea xeral de "Navajoland".[4] Ningunha das designacións debería ser confundida con "Dinétah", o termo usado para o fogar tradicional do pobo Navajo, situado na área entre as montañas Dookʼoʼoosłííd (San Francisco Peaks), Dibé Ntsaa (Hesperus Mountain), Sisnaajiní (Blanca Peak) e Tsoodził (Mount Taylor).

Historia

Artigo principal: Pobo navajo.
Cambios e expansión das fronteiras da Reserva dos Navajo dende 1868 ata 1934.

Despois da Longa Marcha e o retorno dos navajo dende o seu encarceramento en Bosque Redondo, a "Navajo Indian Reservation" estableceuse no Tratado de 1868. As fronteiras foron definidas polo paralelo 37º polo norte, a liña de Fort Defiance polo sur, Fort Lyon polo leste e meridiano 109° 30′ polo oeste.[5] Malia que o tratado proporcionaba preto de cen millas cadradas no Territorio de Novo México, o tamaño actual do territorio era de 1.346.916 hectáreas[5]—un pouco máis da metade. Esta peza inicial da terra represéntase no deseño da bandeira da Nación Navajo por un rectángulo de cor marrón escuro.[6]

Porén, debido ó feito de que non había límites físicos ou paneis de sinalización fixáronse no seu lugar, moitos navajos ignoraron estes límites formais e volveron ó lugar onde os tiñan en catividade.[5] Unha significativa poboación navajo aínda reside ó longo de Little Colorado e Colorado Rivers así como en Naatsisʼáán (Navajo Mountain), nunca sufriron nos campos de concentración en Hwéeldi (Ft. Sumner).

A primeira expansión do territorio ocorreu o 28 de outubro de 1878, cando o Presidente Rutherford Hayes asinou unha orde executiva aumentando os límites 20 millas cara ao oeste.[5]

Notas

  1. "Entrada navajo en Digalego". Arquivado dende o orixinal o 20 de decembro de 2016. Consultado o 07 de decembro de 2016. 
  2. Wilkins, David Eugene. The Navajo Political Experience. Diné College Pres. Tsaile/Tséhílį́: 1999. page 3.
  3. "Navajo oppose name change", Indian Country Today, 12 de xaneiro de 1994
  4. Young, Robert W & William Morgan, Sr. The Navajo Language. A Grammar and Colloquial Dictionary. University of New Mexico Press. Albuquerque, NM: 1987.
  5. 5,0 5,1 5,2 5,3 Iverson, Peter & Monty Roessel. Diné: A History of the Navajos. University of New Mexico Press. Albuquerque, NM: 2002. page 68ff.
  6. History. Arquivado 17 de abril de 2021 en Wayback Machine. Government of the Navajo Nation. Consultado o 20 de maio de 2018.

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