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Satélite

Para outros usos ver satélite (homónimos).

Un satélite (Gl-satélite.ogg pronunciación (axuda · info)) é todo obxecto secundario que gravita nunha órbita pechada arredor dun planeta. Pódese distinguir entre dous tipos de satélites: satélites naturais e satélites artificiais.

Satélites naturais

Artigo principal: Satélite natural.
A lúa é un satélite natural do planeta Terra.

A Lúa é un satélite da Terra, se ben a Lúa e maila Terra teñen un tamaño tan similar que se poden considerar nalgúns momentos como un sistema de dous planetas.

O movemento da maior parte dos satélites coñecidos do Sistema Solar arredor dos seus planetas é directo, é dicir, de oeste a leste e no mesmo sentido de xiro dos planetas.

Só certos satélites de grandes planetas exteriores xiran en sentido inverso, é dicir, de leste a oeste e en dirección contraria á dos seus planetas; probablemente foron capturados polos campos gravitacionais dos planetas algún tempo despois da formación do Sistema Solar.

Moitos astrónomos cren que Plutón, que se move nunha órbita independente arredor do Sol, puido orixinarse como satélite de Neptuno. Recentemente descubriuse que o mesmo Plutón ten varios satélites, o máis grande dos cales é Caronte.

Satélites artificiais

Artigo principal: Satélite artificial.
Na imaxe o MILSTAR: un satélite artificial de comunicacións.

Enténdese por satélite artificial calquera dos obxectos postos en órbita periódica arredor da Terra de xeito artificial (pola nosa especie). Os obxectivos son variados e van dende os fins científicos ou tecnolóxicos ós militares.

Agora ben, se o definimos dende un punto de vista rigoroso, un satélite artificial é un obxecto non tripulado posto en órbita arredor da Terra, quedando fóra desta definición os foguetes lanzadores como as cápsulas tripuladas ou de carga, os transbordadores espaciais e mailas estacións orbitais. Tampouco son considerados satélites artificiais as sondas espaciais enviadas a calquera outro destino do Sistema Solar, pois non teñen unha órbita periódica.

O satélite artificial é unha ferramenta que fai posible observar e controlar o noso planeta e ollar o cosmos sen a interposición da atmosfera.

Véxase tamén

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