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Bronhitis

Slika A prikazuje lokaciju pluća i bronhijalnih cijevi. Slika B uvećani pogled na normalnu bronhijalnu cijev. Slika C je uvećani pogled na bronhijalnu cijev s bronhitisom.

Bronhitis je upala bronha (velikih i srednjih dišnih putova) u plućima, koja uzrokuje kašalj. Simptomi uključuju: iskašljavanje sputuma, otežano disanje i bol u prsima. Bronhitis može biti akutan i kroničan.

Akutni bronhitis obično prati kašalj koji traje oko tri tjedna[1], a poznat je i kao prehlada prsiju. U više od 90% slučajeva uzrok je virusna infekcija. Ti se virusi mogu širiti zrakom kad ljudi kašlju ili izravnim kontaktom. Mali broj slučajeva uzrokovan je bakterijskom infekcijom kao što je Mycoplasma pneumoniae ili Bordetella pertussis. Čimbenici rizika uključuju izloženost duhanskom dimu, prašini i drugom onečišćenju zraka. Liječenje akutnog bronhitisa obično uključuje mirovanje, paracetamol (acetaminofen) i nesteroidne protuupalne lijekove (NSAID) za pomoć kod vrućice.[2]

Kronični bronhitis definira se kao produktivan kašalj - onaj koji proizvodi ispljuvak - koji traje tri mjeseca ili više tijekom najmanje dvije godine. Većina ljudi s kroničnim bronhitisom imaju kroničnu opstruktivnu plućnu bolest (KOPB).[3] Pušenje je najčešći uzrok, dok drugi čimbenici poput onečišćenja zraka i genetike igraju manju ulogu. Tretmani uključuju prestanak pušenja, rehabilitaciju i često udisanje bronhodilatatora i steroida. Neki ljudi mogu imati koristi od dugotrajne terapije kisikom.

Akutni bronhitis jedna je od najčešćih bolesti. Oko 5% odraslih je pogođeno, a oko 6% djece ima barem jednom godišnje. Akutni bronhitis najčešći je tip bronhitisa. U SAD-u je 2016. godine 8,6 milijuna ljudi imalo dijagnosticiran kronični bronhitis.

Izvori

  1. ↑ Kin, S (2016). „Acute Bronchitis”. American Family Physician. 94 (7): 560—565. PMID 27929206.
  2. ↑ Tackett, KL; Atkins, A (2012). „Evidence-based acute bronchitis therapy”. Journal of Pharmacy Practice. 25 (6): 586—90. PMID 23076965. doi:10.1177/0897190012460826.
  3. ↑ Reilly, John J.; Silverman, Edwin K.; Shapiro, Steven D. (2011). „Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease”. Ур.: Longo, Dan; Fauci, Anthony; Kasper, Dennis; Hauser, Stephen; Jameson, J.; Loscalzo, Joseph. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine (18th ed.). McGraw Hill. pg. 2151—9. ISBN 978-0-07-174889-6.
 
Patologija dišnog sustava
Akutne infekcije gornjeg dišnog sustava
Gripa i pneumonija
Druge akutne infekcije donjeg dišnog sustava
Ostale bolesti gornjeg dišnog sustava
Kronične bolesti donjeg dišnog sustava
Plućne bolesti zbog vanjskih agensa
Ostale bolesti i bolesti intersticija
Supurativna i nekrotična stanja
donjeg dišnog sustava
Ostalo
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