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Zvjezdana noć

Zvjezdana noć
Vincent van Gogh, 1889.
ulje na platnu
73 × 93 cm
Muzej moderne umjetnosti, New York
Portal: Likovna umjetnost

Zvjezdana noć je Van Goghovo ulje na platnu, slavno remek-djelo postimpresionizma, iz 1889. godine.

Povijest

Umjetnikov kasniji crtež perom i tušem prema slici.

Van Gogh je ovu sliku naslikao tijekom boravka u umobolnici u Saint Rémyju. Datirana je s lipanj 1889., mjesec dana nakon njegova dolaska i 13 mjeseci prije samoubojstva. Umjetnik je svom bratu Theu o tom razdoblju napisao:
“Moja me kukavna bolest tjera da radim s nijemim bijesom, veoma polako, ali bez prekida od jutra do mraka ... Vjerujem da će mi to pomoći da ozdravim.”

»Vječno je pitanje, je li nam dano da prije smrti spoznamo samo jednu hemisferu. Što se mene tiče, odgovora nema, ali zvijezde me uvijek potiču na razmišljanje.«
(Vincent van Gogh)

Odlike

Slika prikazuje seoski pejzaž noću, s plošnim brežuljcima u pozadini. To nije tiha, mirna noć, već prizor uznemirenog treperenja elemenata prirode i ljudskog svijeta, dok se selo pruža prema nebu uz spiralne i zapletene pokrete.

Jednostavna otvorena kompozicija, u kojoj tamnoplavo nebo zauzima dvije trećine slike, usredotočena je na odnos između okomitih linija čempresa i zvonika i snažnih izvijenih poteza kistom (kratki, debeli i naočigled neprekinuti) koji, pojačavajući ritam slijeva nadesno i vodeći promatračevo oko, nanose snažan i dinamičan udarac liniji obzora. U sredini neba se nalazi kružni vrtlog boje koji svojim položajem i veličinom postaje središnjim motivom kompozicije. Oblik vrtloga podsjeća na taoistički krug (Yin-Yang) koji je sastavljen od dva suzolika dijela, pozitivnog i svijetlog yanga i negativnog i tamnijeg ženskog yina, koji utječu na sudbinu[1] Prava izražajna snaga kompozicije proizilazi iz boje – čiste i snažne, s neočekivanom svjetložutom koja naglašava hladnoću plave. Poetski sjaj zvijezda, određen svjetlijim bojama, razvija se u mahnito i neprekidno pulsiranje (poput treptanja pravih zvijezda). Može se reći da je ovo najuspješniji rani pokušaj da se slikarstvu doda još jedna dimenzija – vrijeme.

Van Goghov originalni način slikanja očituje se u slikarskom jeziku, u odvažnosti nanošenja boje, prožimanju površine pokretom i stvaranju kompozicije s dinamičnim kontrastima. Tako su na slici tamno zeleni čempresi[2] naslikani širokim potezima prošarani posvijetljeni odsjajima crvenih i žutih linija, a svijetlo nebo je određeno tamnim obrisom brda.

Zvjezdana noć izložena u Muzeju moderne umjetnosti u New Yorku.

Bilješke

  1. ↑ Dokaz da je Van Gogh naučio nešto o taoizmu dok je u Parizu skupljao japanske grafike.
  2. ↑ O čempresima u svom slikarstvu, Van Gogh kaže: “Stablo čempresa lijepo je jer ima linije i proporcije egipatskog obeliska.”
  • Albert Boime: Vincent van Gogh: Zvjezdana noć, stvar povijesti, povijest stvari (dostupno na CD-ROM-u: ISBN 3-634-23015-0 (njemačka verzija))
  • Opća povijest umjetnosti, Mozaik knjiga, Zagreb, 2003. ISBN 953-196-631-1
  • Laurie Schneider Adams, A History Of Western Art, McGraw Hill, New York, 2001. ISBN 0-07-231717-5

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