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Mark 27 (bom nuklir)

Bom nuklir Mark 27 dan hulu ledak W27 adalah dua bom termonuklir Amerika yang dirancang pada akhir tahun 1950an.

Mark 27 dirancang oleh Laboratorium Radiasi Universitas California (UCRL; sekarang Laboratorium Nasional Lawrence Livermore) mulai pertengahan 1950-an. Konsep dasar desainnya bersaing dengan desain Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory (LASL; sekarang Los Alamos National Laboratory) yang kelak menjadi bom nuklir Mark 28/B-28 dan hulu ledak W28. Mark 27 kira-kira dua kali lebih berat dari keluarga senjata termonuklir Mark 28/B-28/W28. Perangkat Mark 27/W27 menghasilkan 1.900 kiloton TNT (7.900 TJ) versus 1.100 kiloton TNT (4.600 TJ) (kemudian menjadi 1.450 kiloton TNT (6.100 TJ)) dari Mark 28 /B-28/W28.[1][2][3]

Mark 27 dan W27 diproduksi mulai tahun 1958; keduanya pensiun pada tahun 1964, ketika pemerintahan Kennedy mulai mengalihkan pendanaan dari program pembom nuklir berawak. Kedua pembom Angkatan Laut AS yang membawa bom Mark 27, Douglas A-3 Skywarrior dan A-5 Vigilante Amerika Utara, diubah fungsinya dari peran serangan nuklir menjadi peran tanker, penanggulangan elektronik (A-3) atau pengintaian (A-5) oleh 1965.

Hulu ledak W27 berdiameter 31 inci (790 mm) kali panjang 75 inci (1.900 mm), dan berat 2.800 pon (1.300 kg). 20 hulu ledak W27 diproduksi untuk rudal jelajah SSM-N-9 Regulus II Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat. Hulu ledak W-27 ditarik dari layanan bersama dengan rudal jelajah Regulus pada tahun 1964.

Bom Mark 27 memiliki diameter 30 inci (760 mm) dan panjang 124 hingga 142 inci (3.100 hingga 3.600 mm), tergantung pada versi spesifiknya. Ketiga versi tersebut memiliki berat 3.150 hingga 3.300 pon (1.430 hingga 1.500 kg). 700 bom Mark 27 diproduksi.

Lihat pula

Referensi

  1. ^ DCI Briefing to Joint Chiefs of Staff (PDF) (Laporan). 1963-07-30. hlm. 20. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2021-11-06. Diakses tanggal 2021-11-06. 
  2. ^ Gibson, James Norris. (1989). The history of the US nuclear arsenal. Greenwich, CT: Brompton Books Corp. hlm. 90. ISBN 0861245644. OCLC 21588268. 
  3. ^ Sublette, Carey (2019-11-11). "List of All U.S. Nuclear Weapons". nuclearweaponarchive.org. Diakses tanggal 2019-11-12. 


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