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Kondóráætlunin

Listaverk með myndum af fórnarlömbum herforingjastjórnarinnar í Chile.

Kondóráætlunin (spænska: Operación Cóndor, líka þekkt sem Plan Cóndor, portúgalska: Operação Condor) var skipulögð herferð kúgunar, ofsókna og morða á pólitískum andstæðingum ríkisstjórna í Suður-Ameríku á 8. og 9. áratug 20. aldar. Áætluninni var stýrt af leyniþjónustum ríkjanna með stuðningi Bandaríkjanna. Aðgerðir fólust einkum í því að ræna, pynta og myrða pólitíska andstæðinga sem aðallega voru almennir borgarar. Frumkvæði að áætluninni kom frá Bandaríkjunum árið 1968 en aðgerðir hófust 1975. Virkustu þátttakendurnir í áætluninni voru hægrisinnaðar alræðisstjórnir Suðurkeilunnar.

Tilgangur áætlunarinnar var að útrýma kommúnistum og stuðningsmönnum Sovétríkjanna, og jafnframt að bæla niður alla stjórnarandstöðu gegn ríkisstjórnunum sem tóku þátt, meðal annars andstöðu við efnahagsumbætur í anda nýfrjálshyggju sem sumar af þessum ríkisstjórnum vildu koma á. Meðal fórnarlamba voru vinstrimenn, mótmælendur, verkalýðsleiðtogar og leiðtogar bændasamtaka, prestar og nunnur, námsmenn og kennarar, menntamenn og grunaðir skæruliðar.

Áætlunin var háleynileg og því erfitt að meta nákvæmlega hversu mörg morð megi rekja til hennar. Sumir áætla að 60.000 morð megi rekja til áætlunarinnar, og hugsanlega fleiri. Lykilríki Kondóráætlunarinnar voru Argentína, Chile, Úrúgvæ, Paragvæ, Bólivía og Brasilía. Flestir meðlimir herforingjastjórnanna sem ríktu yfir þessum löndum hafa verið ákærðir fyrir glæpi gegn mannkyni og þjóðarmorð. Fjöldi látinna og horfinna í löndunum er að minnsta kosti talinn vera milli 7.000 og 30.000 í Argentínu, 3.000 og 10.000 í Chile, 116 og 546 í Bólivíu, 434 og 1.000 í Brasilíu, 200 og 400 í Paragvæ og 123 og 215 í Úrúgvæ.

Skjöl frá utanríkisráðuneyti Bandaríkjanna sýna fram á að Leyniþjónusta Bandaríkjanna hafði leiðandi hlutverk í áætluninni. Bandaríkjastjórn sá ríkjunum fyrir tæknilegri aðstoð og hergögnum í gegnum leyniþjónustuna í forsetatíð Lyndon B. Johnson, Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter og Ronald Reagan. Síðar tóku Ekvador og Perú þátt í áætluninni.

Að undirlagi CIA hóf Argentína stuðning við herforingjastjórnir Mið-Ameríkuríkjanna Hondúras, Níkaragva, El Salvador og Gvatemala, við að láta pólitíska andstæðinga hverfa. Aðgerðir Argentínu í Mið-Ameríku stóðu frá 1977 til 1986.

Eftir að áætluninni lauk um 1990 hófu þátttakendur aðgerðir til að koma í veg fyrir rannsóknir og vitnaleiðslur gegn þeim. Árið 1992 uppgötvaðist Ógnarskjalasafnið á lögreglustöð í Paragvæ með 60.000 skjölum og 593.000 síðum á örfilmum. Skjölin sögðu frá 50.000 morðum, 30.000 „mannshvörfum“ og 400.000 handtökum í tengslum við áætlunina. Sum ríkin hafa notað skjöl úr safninu til að höfða mál á hendur þátttakendum.

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