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Cattedrale di Varsavia

Basilica cattedrale metropolitana di San Giovanni Battista
Bazylika archikatedralna Świętego Jana Chrzciciela
StatoPolonia (bandiera) Polonia
VoivodatoVoivodato della Masovia
LocalitàVarsavia
IndirizzoŚwiętojańska 8, 00-278 Warszawa,
Coordinate52°14′56″N 21°00′49″E
Religionecattolica di rito romano
Arcidiocesi Varsavia
Stile architettonicoGotico baltico
Inizio costruzioneXIV secolo
CompletamentoXX secolo
Sito web(PL) [1]
Modifica dati su Wikidata · Manuale

La cattedrale di San Giovanni Battista (in lingua polacca: Bazylika archikatedralna Świętego Jana Chrzciciela), situata nella Città Vecchia di Varsavia, è la cattedrale metropolitana dell'arcidiocesi di Varsavia.

L'edificio, fondato nel XIV secolo, distrutto nel 1944 e ricostruito dopo la seconda guerra mondiale, è considerato uno dei pantheon della nazione, perché al suo interno sono sepolti diversi polacchi illustri. Ha dignità di basilica minore.

Storia

La pala d'altare di Palma il Giovane, distrutta nel 1944

Edificata nel XIV secolo in stile gotico baltico ed elevata al rango di collegiata nel XV secolo, la chiesa era sede dell'incoronazione e luogo di sepoltura dei duchi di Masovia. Nel XVI secolo l'edificio venne collegato al castello reale di Varsavia con la costruzione di un corridoio, voluto dalla regina Anna Jagellona . La chiesa divenne cattedrale nel 1798, in seguito alla creazione della diocesi di Varsavia quando la città conobbe la breve dominazione prussiana, dopo le spartizioni del 1793-1795. Restaurata più volte, nel XIX secolo la cattedrale assunse una nuova veste in stile neogotico inglese, che la caratterizzerà sino al 1944, quando venne distrutta dai bombardamenti tedeschi. Il tempio venne ricostruito nel dopoguerra. La ricostruzione si basò su antiche stampe, risalenti al XVII secolo, ispirandosi dunque all'aspetto originario della chiesa, in stile gotico baltico, e non al suo aspetto prima della distruzione.

Diverse opere d'arte andarono perdute in seguito alla distruzione della cattedrale; si ricorda soprattutto la pala d'altare, raffigurante la Madonna col Bambino con san Giovanni Battista e san Stanislao, opera di Palma il Giovane del 1618, commissionata da re Sigismondo III di Polonia, confiscata e portata a Parigi per ordine di Napoleone e restituita a Varsavia nel 1820.

Personalità sepolte

Interno della cattedrale di Varsavia

Sotto la navata centrale sono collocate le cripte, dove si trovano le tombe di:

Voci correlate

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Controllo di autoritàVIAF (EN) 147992850 · LCCN (EN) n2010062979
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