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Descort

Il descort (termine occitano derivante dal latino discordia) è un genere poetico medievale affine al lai[1], ovvero un adattamento cortese, da parte dei trovatori, di musiche probabilmente di origine celtica.

Si tratta di una canzone che esprime un «disaccordo». La sua particolarità consiste nell'esprimere il dilemma amoroso interno del poeta mediante una forma «discordante»: ciò è enfatizzato da strutture metriche insolite e/o mutevoli, versi e strofe molto lunghi e rime irregolari; o anche, come nel caso della canso "Eras quam vey verdeyar" del trovatore provenzale Rambaldo di Vaqueiras, al polimorfismo strofico o metrico del descort viene ad aggiungersi un'ulteriore "discordanza", tramite l'impiego di ben cinque idiomi diversi, uno per ogni cobla[2] (provenzale, italiano, francese, guascone e galiziano-portoghese)[3], con infine la sesta e ultima strofa di 10[3] versi avente la stessa alternanza pluringuistica ogni due versi[1].

Il contenuto è quello tipico della canzone amorosa cortese. Il suo uso cominciò probabilmente tra i trovatori del nord della Francia per poi estendersi anche alla Francia del sud.

Il descort venne inventato da Garin d'Apchier allorché compose Quan foill'e flors reverdezis (di cui ci restano soltanto due versi riportati nella sua vida[4]), mentre Gautier de Dargies lo importa nel francese antico scrivendone tre.

Elenco di descorts

Trovatore Incipit (i.e. titolo) Note
Guillem Augier Novella Quan vei lo dous temps venir
Aimeric de Belenoi S'a midons plazia
Guiraut Riquier Pos aman
Guiraut de Calanso Bel semblan
Guiraut de Calanso Ab la verdura
Guillem de la Tor En vos ai meza
Pons de Capdoill Un gai descort tramet leis cui dezir
Guillem Augier Novella Ses alegratge
Raimbaut de Vaqueiras Ara quan vei verdejar Unu poesia multilingue(fünfsprachiger Descort o chanson plurilingue)
Guillem Augier Novella Erransa
Elias Cairel Quan la freidors / irais / l'aura doussana
Elias de Barjols Una valenta
Elias de Barjols Si.l bela.m tengues per seu
Albertet de Sestaro Bel m'es oimais
Aimeric de Peguillan Qui la vi, en ditz Talvolta classificato come canso
Giraut de Salaignac Per solatz e per deport / Me conort / E.m don alegransa
Anonimo Bella domna cara Chiamato anche acort
Anonimo Poi qe neve ni glazi Talvolta classificato come canso
Anonimo Pos la douza sasons gaja
Anonimo Lai un fis prez nais e floris e grana
Anonimo Joi e chanç e solaç / E amors certana
Anonimo En aquest son gai e leugier
Peire Raimon de Toloza Ab so gai, plan e car
Anonimo Sill qu'es caps e guitz Talvolta classificato come canso
Anonimo Tot aissi soi desconsellatz Talvolta classificato come sirventes
Anonimo Amors, / dousors, / mi assaja
Anonimo A chantar m'er un discort
Serveri de Girona Pus amors vol que faça sa comanda
Serveri de Girona Estrayre.m volia / De mi dons amar
Serveri de Girona De Pala a Torosela Chiamato recepta dexarob nella rubrica
Raimbaut de Vaqueiras Engles, un novel descort
Anonimo Com plus fin'amors mi destreng
Garin d'Apchier Quan foill'e flors reverdis Si conosce solo l'incipit[4], forse una canso

Note

  1. ^ a b (EN) F. Alberto Gallo, Music in the Castle: Troubadours, Books, and Orators in Italian Courts of ..., su books.google.it, 1996, 14. URL consultato il 25 febbraio 2013.
  2. ^ Lucia Lazzerini, Letteratura medievale in lingua d'oc, su books.google.it, Lazzerini. URL consultato il 25 febbraio 2013.
  3. ^ a b (FR) Anne-Marie Lilti, Ecriture poétique, langue maternelle et langue étrangère, su books.google.it, 2006, 22. URL consultato il 25 febbraio 2013.
    Raimbaut de Vaqueyras nella tenso "Domna tant vos ai pregada" alterna provenzale e genovese.
  4. ^ a b E fetz lo premier descort que anc fos faiz, lo qual comenset:

           Quan foill’e flors reverdezis
           Et aug lo chan del rossignol.

Bibliografia

  • (FR) A. Jeanroy, L. Brandin, P. Aubry, Lai et descorts français du XIIIe siècle, texte et musique), Parigi, 1901. («Mélanges de musicologie critique, 3»
  • (FR) J. Maillard, Problèmes musicaux et littéraires du descort, Saarbrücken, 1957, pp. 388-409.
  • (EN) E. Köhler, Deliberations on a Theory of the Genre of the Old Provençal Descort, New Haven/Londra, 1976, pp. 1-13. in: «Italian Roots and Branches: Essays in Honor of Th. G. Bergin»
  • P. Canettieri, Descortz es dictatz mot divers. Ricerche su un genere lirico romanzo del XIII secolo, Roma, 1995.

Voci correlate

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Controllo di autoritàLCCN (ENsh97006021 · GND (DE4304879-1 · BNF (FRcb13505766h (data) · J9U (ENHE987007537265005171

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