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Dinastia Bahri

La dinastia Bahri dei Mamelucchi governò l'Egitto, la Siria e la parte occidentale della Penisola araba dal 1250 al 1390.

Dinastia Bahri, 1250-1382

Formata dall'elemento turco Kipchak, originario delle steppe euro-asiatiche, la dinastia Bahri succedette senza traumi ai suoi padroni ayyubidi - al cui servizio armato erano stati fedelmente, malgrado la loro condizione servile (mamlūk, pl. mamālīk, letteralmente "posseduto", identifica infatti lo "schiavo") - il cui ultimo esponente, al-āli Ayyūb, aveva provveduto a reclutarne in gran quantità per affermarsi all'interno della sua famiglia.

Morto senza eredi al-Salih Ayyub, la vedova Shajar al-Durr sposò il Mamelucco al-Muʿizz ʿIzz al-Dīn Aybak, consentendo in quel modo una parvenza di legalità al cambiamento di regime, peraltro pressoché inevitabile.

Il fatto di essere acquartierati sull'isola nilotica di Roda, li fece definire Ba (dalla parola araba bar, che può significare tanto "mare", quanto "fiume").

Sultani

I loro Sultani furono:

Periodo[1]   Legami Arabo[2] Turco  
1250 1257 Shajar al-Durr vedova dell'ayyubide al-Ṣāliḥ Ayyūb (la quale, di fatto, governò l'Egitto) in arabo أم خليل عصمة الدنيا والدين "المستعصمية" شجر الدرّ? Şecer-üd-Dürr Regnarono congiuntamente.
al-Muʿizz ʿIzz al-Dīn Aybak secondo periodo di Shajar al-Durr in arabo المعز عز الدين أيبك? Aybeg
1257 1259 al-Manṣūr Nūr al-Dīn ʿAlī figlio di Aybak in arabo المنصور نور الدين علي بن أيبك? Mansur Ali  
1259 1260 al-Muẓaffar Sayf al-Dīn Qutuz mamelucco di Aybak[3] in arabo المظفر سيف الدين قطز? Kutuz  
1260 1277 al-Zāhir Rukn al-Dīn Baybars al-Bunduqdārī mamelucco di al-Ṣāliḥ Ayyūb in arabo الظاهر ركن الدين بيبرس البندقداري? Baybars I  
1277 1279 al-Saʿīd Nāṣir al-Dīn Baraka Khān figlio di Baybars in arabo السعيد ناصر الدين أبو المعالى محمد بن بركة خان بن بيبرس? Bereke  
1279 al-ʿĀdil Badr al-Dīn Salamish figlio di Baybars in arabo العادل بدر الدين سلامش بن الظاهر بيبرس? Sülemiş  
1279 1290 Qalawun (al-Manṣūr Sayf al-Dīn Qalāʾūn al-Alfī) mamelucco di al-Ṣāliḥ Ayyūb in arabo المنصور سيف الدين قلاوون الألفى? Kalavun  
1290 1293 al-Ashraf Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn Khalīl ibn Qalāʾūn figlio di Qalāʾūn in arabo الأشرف صلاح الدين خليل بن قلاوون? Halil  
1293 1295 al-Nāṣir Muḥammad figlio di Qalāʾūn in arabo الناصر محمد بن قلاوون? Nasır Primo regno
1295 1297 al-ʿĀdil Zayn al-Dīn Kitbughā al-Manṣūr mamelucco di Qalāʾūn in arabo العادل زين الدين كتبغا المنصور? Kitbuga  
1297 1299 al-Manṣūr Ḥusām al-Din Lājin mamelucco di al-Manṣūr Nūr al-Dīn ʿAlī, poi di Qalāʾūn[4] in arabo المنصور حسام الدين لاجين? Laçin  
1299 1309 al-Nāṣir Muḥammad       Secondo regno
1309 al-Muẓaffar Rukn al-Dīn Baybars al-Jāshangīr mamelucco di Qalāʾūn in arabo المظفر ركن الدين بيبرس الجاشنكير? Baybars II  
1309 1341 al-Nāṣir Muḥammad       Terzo regno
1341 al-Manṣūr Sayf al-Dīn Abū Bakr figlio di al-Nāṣir Muḥammad in arabo المنصور سيف الدين أبو بكر بن الناصر محمد? Ebu Bekir  
1341 1342 al-Ashraf ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn Kūjak figlio di al-Nāṣir Muḥammad in arabo الأشرف علاء الدين كوجك بن الناصر محمد? Küçük  
1342 al-Nāṣir Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad figlio di al-Nāṣir Muḥammad in arabo الناصر شهاب الدين أحمد بن الناصر محمد? Ahmed  
1342 1345 al-Ṣāliḥ ʿImād al-Dīn Ismāʿīl figlio di al-Nāṣir Muḥammad in arabo الصالح عماد الدين إسماعيل بن الناصر محمد? İsmail  
1345 1346 al-Kāmil Sayf al-Dīn Shaʿbān figlio di al-Nāṣir Muḥammad in arabo الكامل سيف الدين شعبان بن الناصر محمد? Şaban I  
1346 1347 al-Muẓaffar Zayn al-Dīn Ḥājjī figlio di al-Nāṣir Muḥammad in arabo المظفر زين الدين حاجي بن الناصر محمد? Hacı I  
1347 1351 al-Nasir Badr al-Din Abu al-Ma'ali al-Hasan figlio di al-Nāṣir Muḥammad in arabo الناصر بدر الدين أبو المعالي الحسن بن الناصر محمد? Hasan Primo regno
1351 1354 al-Ṣāliḥ Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn Ṣāliḥ figlio di al-Nāṣir Muḥammad in arabo الصالح صلاح الدين صالح بن الناصر محمن? Salih  
1354 1361 al-Nāṣir Badr al-Dīn Abū al-Maʿālī al-Ḥasan       Secondo sultanato
1361 1363 al-Manṣūr Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn Muḥammad figlio di Zayn al-Dīn Ḥājjī in arabo المنصور صلاح الدين محمد بن حاجي بن قلاوون? Muhammed  
1363 1376 al-Ashraf Zayn al-Dīn Shaʿbān nipote di al-Nāṣir Muḥammad in arabo الأشرف زين الدين شعبان بن حسن بن محمد بن قلاوون? Şaban II  
1376 1382 al-Manṣūr ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn ʿAlī figlio di Zayn al-Dīn Shaʿbān in arabo المنصور علاء الدين علي بن شعبان? Ali  
1382 al-Ṣāliḥ Zayn al-Dīn Ḥājjī figlio di Zayn ad-Dîn Shaʿbān in arabo الصالح زين الدين حاجى? Hacı II Primo regno
1382 1389 al-Ẓāhir Sayf al-Dīn Barqūq mamelucco di Yalboghā al-ʿUmarī
che è stato il tutore di ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn ʿAlī
in arabo الظاهر سيف الدين برقوق? Berkuk Primo regno (Burjiti)
1389 al-Ṣāliḥ Zayn al-Dīn Ḥājjī       Secondo regno
1389 1399 al-Ẓāhir Sayf al-Dīn Barqūq       Secondo regno (Burjiti)

Note

  1. ^ Data del Regno da (EN) Clifford Edmund Bosworth, The Baḥrī line 648-792/1250-1390, in op.cit., p. 76.
  2. ^ Conforme a (AR) المماليك البحريون/القبجاق [Mamelucchi bahri - Kipčak], su hukam.net.
  3. ^ (EN) Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen Gibb, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Brill Archive, p. 571, ISBN 90-04-06761-2.
  4. ^ (EN) Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen Gibb, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Brill Archive, p. 594, ISBN 90-04-06761-2.

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