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Freemium

Freemium (contrazione dei termini free, inteso come gratuito, e premium) è una strategia di marketing che consiste nell'offrire gratuitamente una versione di base di un prodotto proprietario (prevalentemente software proprietario) ed eventualmente nel proporre a pagamento funzionalità aggiuntive.[1][2][3][4]

Origine

Già dagli anni 1980 non era una novità che alcuni prodotti fossero utilizzabili senza un costo apparente ed avessero funzionalità aggiuntive disponibili solo previo compenso. Ciò nonostante, il termine freemium ha un'origine riconducibile soltanto nel 2006.[1][2][5][6]

Modelli proposti

Secondo Chris Anderson, ex direttore della rivista Wired, si possono identificare quattro modelli di freemium:[6]

  • Limitazione temporale (gratis per pochi giorni, poi a pagamento)
  • Limitazione delle funzionalità
  • Limitazione del numero degli utenti (gratis per un certo numero di utenti)
  • Limitazione del tipo di cliente (gratis per le aziende piccole e giovani, a pagamento per quelle grandi)

Anche se generalmente per freemium si intende solo la limitazione delle funzionalità.[3][4][7]

Significato

Nel giugno 2011, PC World ha riferito che il software antivirus tradizionale aveva iniziato a perdere quote di mercato a favore dei prodotti antivirus freemium.[8] A settembre 2012, tutte tranne due delle 50 app con il maggior incasso nella sezione Giochi dell'App Store di iTunes di Apple supportavano gli acquisti in-app, portando Wired a concludere che gli sviluppatori di giochi erano ora tenuti a scegliere tra l'inclusione di tali acquisti o la rinuncia a un sostanzioso flusso di entrate.[9] A partire dal 2013, la piattaforma di distribuzione digitale Steam ha iniziato ad aggiungere numerosi giochi free-to-play e ad accesso anticipato alla sua libreria, molti dei quali utilizzavano il marketing freemium per le loro economie di gioco. A causa delle critiche che i giochi multiplayer che rientrano in questa categoria erano di natura pay-to-win o erano di bassa qualità e non sono mai stati sviluppati, da allora Valve ha aggiunto regole più severe alle sue politiche di accesso anticipato e free-to-play.[10]

Diffusione

Questa strategia di prezzo si è prevalentemente diffusa per applicazioni informatiche, soprattutto per dispositivi mobili, quali videogiochi[11] (soprattutto online) e servizi di archiviazione e file sharing.[7]

Note

  1. ^ a b (EN) Jarid Lukin, My Favorite Business Model, in Fred Wilson, 23 maggio 2006. URL consultato il 21 agosto 2017.
  2. ^ a b (EN) Katherine Heires, Why It Pays to Give Away the Store, in CNN Money, 1º ottobre 2017. URL consultato il 21 agosto 2006.
  3. ^ a b Freemium, su Dizionari Sapere.it. URL consultato il 13 settembre 2017.
  4. ^ a b Nicola Zingarelli, Lo Zingarelli: vocabolario della lingua italiana, a cura di Mario Cannella e Beata Lazzarini, con la collaborazione di Luciano Canepari, ristampa 2017 della dodicesima edizione, Bologna, Zanichelli, 2016, ISBN 978-88-08-60147-6.
  5. ^ (EN) Cem Basman, Name That Business Model, in dot net, 23 marzo 2006. URL consultato il 21 agosto 2017.
  6. ^ a b Gabriele Di Matteo, Il digitale secondo Anderson, in Repubblica, 3 novembre 2010. URL consultato il 21 agosto 2017.
  7. ^ a b (EN) What is freemium? definition and meaning, su BusinessDictionary.com. URL consultato il 13 settembre 2017 (archiviato dall'url originale il 21 novembre 2015).
  8. ^ Dunn, John E., Free Antivirus Programs Rise in Popularity, New Survey Shows, in PC World, IDG Consumer & SMB, 7 giugno 2011. URL consultato il 12 giugno 2011 (archiviato dall'url originale il 10 agosto 2011).
  9. ^ Alexander Osterwalder, Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation, Wiley, 2010, ISBN 978-0-470-87641-1. URL consultato il 26 ottobre 2021 (archiviato dall'url originale il 26 ottobre 2021).
  10. ^ Emily Gera, Valve adds new rules to Steam Early Access to ensure games don't suck, su polygon.com, Polygon, 21 novembre 2014. URL consultato il 24 marzo 2015.
  11. ^ Ivan Fulco, Ridge Racer: Freemium dal desiderio d'acquistar, in Play Generation, n. 77, Edizioni Master, marzo 2012, p. 48, ISSN 1827-6105 (WC · ACNP).

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