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Pieter Teyler van der Hulst

Pieter Teyler van der Hulst ritratto da Wybrand Hendricks. L'opera è collocata all'interno della Sala ovale del Teylers Museum.

Pieter Teyler van der Hulst (Haarlem, 25 marzo 1702 – Haarlem, 8 aprile 1778) è stato un mercante, banchiere e mecenate olandese, noto per aver deciso di destinare il suo cospicuo patrimonio (stimato attorno ai 2 milioni di fiorini olandesi) alla promozione della diffusione della cultura e delle arti nella sua città natale. Grazie alle sue donazioni sono stati fondati il Teylers Museum, il museo più antico dei Paesi Bassi, e il Teylers Hofje.

Biografia

Il Teylers Hofje così come appare al giorno d'oggi.

Teyler fu un fervente seguace delle teorie dell'Illuminismo Scozzese, essendo discendente di ricchi mercanti scozzesi; suo padre fu Isaac Teyler e sua madre Maria van der Hulst.[1] Sposò Helena Wynands Verschaave nel 1728.[2]

Fu un membro attivo della comunità mennonita "Waterlander" e divenne fiduciario dell'orfanotrofio cittadino dal 1750 in poi.[1] Fece la sua fortuna come commerciante di tessuti, ma dal 1763 intraprese l'attività bancaria che lo portò a erogare prestiti a numerosi suoi contemporanei, tra i quali anche il suo vicino di origine scozzese George Clifford III, ricco commerciante di Amsterdam noto per essere stato finanziatore di Carlo Linneo.

I banchieri olandesi di origine scozzese come Teyler, Clifford, e Hope & Co. furono mecenati delle arti e delle scienze. Teyler fu anche attivo nella comunità mennonita di Harleem assieme alla moglie, fondando un hofje mennonita recante il suo nome nel 1752.[3] Differentemente dall'uso dell'epoca, nell'hofje dei Teyler potevano avere accesso anche i non mennoniti.

Nel diciottesimo secolo, i membri della classe dirigente di Haarlem e Amsterdam erano in gran parte protestanti, così come lo Statolder. A cattolici, mennoniti, quaccheri, e tutti gli altri, era proibito l'accesso a organizzazioni come la Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen ("Società Olandese delle Scienze"), fondata ad Haarlem nel 1752 con lo scopo di dedicarsi a tutti gli aspetti della scienza. Dal 1841 la Società ha sede presso la Hodshon Huis, sita non lontano dal Teylers Museum, a est del fiume Spaarne.

Lascito

Il testamento di Teyler fu scritto nel 1756 a seguito della morte della moglie, pochi anni dopo la fondazione della Società.[1] I termini originali del testamento prevedono l'istituzione di un premio scientifico annuale assegnato dai curatori della sua biblioteca e della sua collezione di opere d'arte e pezzi d'interesse scientifico. Questi curatori divennero esperti di arte e scienza seguendo percorsi di formazione differenti, e ciò determinò l'eclettismo che caratterizza il Teylers Museum.

Secondo le disposizioni testamentarie, vennero istituite tre società, occupatesi rispettivamente di religione, scienza e arti, e che divennero note come "prima", "seconda" e "terza Società".

La sua abitazione ad Haarlem con il suo ingresso dalla Damstraat è unita al retro del Teylers Museum attraverso una porta sita nella Stanza ovale. L'abitazione è nota come "Fundatiehuis" ed è accessibile ai visitatori solo su appuntamento, e solo nel "Monumentendag".

Note

  1. ^ a b c (EN) Teyler van der Hulst, Pieter (1702-1778), su gameo.org, Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online, 26/01/2012.
  2. ^ (NL) Huuwlykszangen voor den heere Pieter Teyler, van der Hulst, en jongkvrouwe Helena Wynands Verschaave, su dbnl.org, DBNL, 26/01/2012.
  3. ^ Haarlems hofjes, Dr. G. H. Kurtz, Schuyt & Co C.V., Haarlem, 1972, ISBN 90-6097-027-6

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Controllo di autoritàVIAF (EN) 45458483 · ISNI (EN) 0000 0000 3589 5626 · CERL cnp00864793 · ULAN (EN) 500326877 · LCCN (EN) n2007020648 · GND (DE) 132292971 · BNF (FR) cb155620384 (data)
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