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Terra della Regina Maria

Le principali suddivisioni dell'Antartide.
Mappa di localizzazione: Antartide
Terra della Regina Maria
Terra della Regina Maria
La posizione della Terra della Regina Maria.

La Terra della Regina Maria, o costa della Regina Maria, (centrata alle coordinate 66°45′S 96°00′E) è una porzione della costa Antartica. In particolare, la Terra della Regina Maria si estende tra capo Hordern (66°15′S 100°31′E), nelle colline Bunger, a est, e capo Filchner (66°27′S 91°54′E), a ovest, e confina a est con la costa di Knox (e quindi con la Terra di Wilkes) e a ovest con la costa della Terra di Guglielmo II.[1]

Davanti alla parte orientale della costa, a cominciare dalla latitudine 96°E, si estende parte della piattaforma di ghiaccio Shackleton, che poi continua, nei suoi 384 km di lunghezza, verso est, fin davanti alla parte occidentale della costa di Knox.

Storia

La Terra della Regina Maria fu scoperta ed esplorata nel febbraio 1912 nell'ambito della spedizione Aurora (1911-14), ufficialmente chiamata spedizione antartica australo-asiatica, comandata da Douglas Mawson. Mawson la battezzò con il suo attuale nome in onore di Mary di Teck, consorte di re Giorgio V del Regno Unito.

L'Unione Sovietica costruì ben tre basi di ricerca nella Terra della Regina Maria: la Stazione Piónerskaya 69°44′S 95°31′E, inaugurata il 27 maggio 1956 e abbandonata il 15 gennaio 1959, la Stazione Kómsomolskaya 74°06′S 94°30′E, inaugurata il 6 novembre 1957 e abbandonata il 9 marzo 1962, e la Stazione Salyut 65°32′S 96°30′E, sulla piattaforma glaciale di fronte alla costa, dal 1º febbraio al 27 aprile del 1978. Un'altra base temporanea, la Stazione Victoria o Pobeda 64°39′S 98°54′E, fu costruita sempre dall'Unione Sovietica sull'isola di ghiaccio Victoria, un iceberg situato a circa 160 km dalla costa che si forma e scompare periodicamente, e rimase attiva dal 9 maggio al 12 agosto 1960.

Note

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