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Theodor von Oppolzer

Theodor von Oppolzer

Theodor von Oppolzer (Praga, 26 ottobre 1841 – Vienna, 26 dicembre 1886) è stato un astronomo e matematico austriaco.[1][2]

Biografia

Figlio del medico Johann Ritter von Oppolzer, Theodor nacque a Praga, nell'allora Impero austriaco. Completò i suoi studi universitari in medicina all'Università di Vienna, conseguendo un dottorato nel 1865. Possedeva anche un importante osservatorio privato ed iniziò ad insegnare astronomia teorica e geodesia all'università nel 1866. Nel 1875 fu nominato professore. Nel 1886 fu eletto presidente dell'Associazione Geodetica Internazionale.

Era considerato un rinomato astronomo ed un abile matematico. Per esempio, ha la fama di aver memorizzato i valori di 14.000 logaritmi. Nel 1868 guidò una spedizione per l'osservazione di una eclissi solare. Più tardi (1887) fu autore del Canone delle eclissi (Canon der Finsternisse), un'autorevole ed imponente raccolta sistematica di 8.000 eclissi solari e 5.200 eclissi lunari dal 1207 a.C. fino al 2163 d.C..[3][4] Quest'opera fu riconosciuta come una delle più grandi imprese di calcolo dell'epoca.

Oppolzer fu autore di oltre 300 saggi e carteggi, di cui la maggior parte riguardanti elementi orbitali, comete e asteroidi. Pubblicò anche un manuale in due volumi sulla determinazione delle orbite delle comete e dei pianeti.[5] Entrambi i volumi rappresentarono dei riferimenti nello studio astronomico per molti anni.

Al momento della sua morte stava lavorando su una migliore teoria riguardo al moto lunare. Suo figlio Egon von Oppolzer fu astronomo come il padre.

Premi e riconoscimenti

Note

  1. ^ E. Weiss, "Nekrolog über Theodor von Oppolzer", Astronomische Nachrichten, 116 (1887), 95-96.
  2. ^ E.W., "Professor Theodor von Oppolzer", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 47 (1887), 145-147.
  3. ^ Franco Foresta Martin, Perché ci sono le eclissi di Luna - Corriere della Sera, su corriere.it. URL consultato il 3 agosto 2011.
  4. ^ Th. von Oppolzer, Canon der Finsternisse (Vienna: Kaiserlich-Königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, 1887 [= Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Math.-naturw. Kl., Band 52]) - ristampato nel 1962, con una prefazione di Donald H. Menzel e una traduzione in inglese dell'introduzione di Owen Gingerich, dalla Dover Publications, New York
  5. ^ Th. von Oppolzer, Lehrbuch zur Bahnbestimmung der Kometen und Planeten (Leipzig: Engelmann, 1870/1880), 2 vols.

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Controllo di autoritàVIAF (EN) 74155026 · ISNI (EN) 0000 0000 8394 4189 · SBN PUVV234032 · BAV 495/190297 · LCCN (EN) n85801553 · GND (DE) 117139319 · BNF (FR) cb15364995k (data) · CONOR.SI (SL) 278253411
  Portale Astronomia

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