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スジホシムシ科

スジホシムシ科
スジホシムシ属の一種Sipunculus robustus
分類
ドメイン : 真核生物 Eukaryota
界 : 動物界 Animalia
亜界 : 真正後生動物亜界 Eumetazoa
階級なし : 旧口動物枝 Protostomia
上門 : 冠輪動物上門 Lophotrochozoa
門 : 星口動物門 Sipuncula
綱 : スジホシムシ綱 Sipunculidea
目 : スジホシムシ目 Sipunculiformes
科 : スジホシムシ科 Sipunculidae
学名
Sipunculidae
Rafinesque, 1814
属

スジホシムシ科（スジホシムシか、Sipunculidae）は星口動物門スジホシムシ綱の科。5属からなり、スジホシムシ目の唯一の科である。

スジホシムシ綱は触手が口を囲んで配列することで、サメハダホシムシ綱と区別できる。この綱にはスジホシムシ科のほかにフクロホシムシ目の3科が含まれるが、スジホシムシ科は体壁の筋肉のうち、縦筋が分離して束状になることで区別できる[1]。

構成種

属の特徴は西川[2]による。学名と分類体系はWorld Register of Marine Species[3]に従い、有効名とされるもののみを挙げた。

なお、2012年に発表された分子系統学に基づく分類体系では、スジホシムシモドキ属とSiphonomecusの2属は新科Siphonosomatidaeに分類され、Phascolopsisはフクロホシムシ科に移されたため、本科に含まれるのはスジホシムシ属とXenosiphonの2属のみとなっている[4]。

Phascolopsis

Phascolopsis (Fisher, 1950)は、この科の他属と同様に縦筋は分離するが、環筋は分離しないのが特徴。

Siphonomecus

Siphonomecus Fisher, 1947をはじめ、上記のPhascolopsis以外の4属では縦筋に加えて環筋も分離し、束になる。加えて、本属はその筋肉の束が合流と分岐を繰り返すこと、腸管と体壁を繋ぐ紡錘筋が体幹の後端まで伸びること、陥入吻に繋がる牽引筋が2本しかないことで他属と識別できる。

  • Siphonomecus multicinctus Fisher, 1947

スジホシムシモドキ属

スジホシムシモドキ属Siphonosoma Spengel, 1912では、上記のSiphonomecusと同じく、縦筋と環筋の束は頻繁に合流・分岐し、紡錘筋は体幹の後端まで伸びる。しかし、牽引筋が4本あることで区別できる。

スジホシムシ属

広西チワン族自治区北海市産のスジホシムシ

スジホシムシ属Sipunculus Linnaeus, 1766の環筋・縦筋は前2属と同様に束になるが、その束は合流や分岐をほとんどしない。また、紡錘筋は後端まで伸びずに、腸管の螺旋のなかで消失する。下記のXenosiphonとは、本属では腸の前端がよじれたループになることで識別できる。Austrosiphon (Fisher, 1954)とSipunculus Linnaeus, 1766の2亜属に分類される。

  • Sipunculus (Austrosiphon) indicus Peters, 1850
  • Sipunculus (Austrosiphon) mundanus Selenka & Bülow, 1883
  • Sipunculus (Sipunculus) angasoides Chen, 1963
  • Sipunculus (Sipunculus) lomonossovi Murina, 1968
  • Sipunculus (Sipunculus) longipapillosus Murina, 1968
  • Sipunculus (Sipunculus) marcusi Ditadi, 1976
  • Sipunculus (Sipunculus) norvegicus Danielssen, 1869
  • Sipunculus (Sipunculus) nudus Linnaeus, 1766 - スジホシムシ
  • Sipunculus (Sipunculus) phalloides Pallas, 1774
    • Sipunculus (Sipunculus) phalloides inclusus Sluiter, 1902
    • Sipunculus (Sipunculus) phalloides phalloides (Pallas, 1774)
  • Sipunculus (Sipunculus) polymyotus Fisher, 1947
  • Sipunculus (Sipunculus) robustus Keferstein, 1865

Xenosiphon

Xenosiphon Fisher, 1947では、筋肉の特徴は上記のスジホシムシ属と一致するが、腸の前端はループにならない。

  • Xenosiphon absconditus Saiz, 1984
  • Xenosiphon branchiatus (Fischer, 1894)

参考文献

ウィキスピーシーズにスジホシムシ科に関する情報があります。
ウィキメディア・コモンズには、スジホシムシ科に関連するカテゴリがあります。
  1. ^ 西川輝昭 著「星口動物門」、白山義久（編集） 編『無脊椎動物の多様性と系統（節足動物を除く）』岩槻邦男・馬渡峻輔（監修）、裳華房、2000年、194頁。ISBN 4785358289。 
  2. ^ 西川輝昭 著「星口動物門 Sipuncula」、西村三郎（編著） 編『原色検索 日本海岸動物図鑑』 I、保育社、1992年、300-301頁。ISBN 4586302011。 
  3. ^ Saiz-Salinas, J (2011年). “Sipunculidae”. World Sipuncula database. 2011年8月25日閲覧。下位分類群については同データベース内のそれぞれのページを参照。
  4. ^ Kawauchi, Gisele Y.; Sharma, Prashant P.; Giribet, Gonzalo (2012). “Sipunculan phylogeny based on six genes, with a new classification and the descriptions of two new families”. Zoologica Scripta（英語版） 41 (2): 186-210. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2011.00507.x. 

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