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深部静脈血栓症

深部静脈血栓症
別称 Deep venous thrombosis
Economy-class syndrome[1]
DVT in the right leg with swelling and redness
概要
診療科 Hematology
症状 Pain, swelling, redness, or warmth of the affected area[2]
危険因子 Recent surgery, cancer, trauma, lack of movement, obesity, smoking, hormonal birth control, pregnancy and the period following birth, antiphospholipid syndrome, certain genetic conditions[2][3]
診断法 Ultrasound[2]
鑑別 Baker's cyst, cellulitis, hematoma, varicose veins[4]
合併症 Pulmonary embolism, post-thrombotic syndrome[2][3]
予防 Frequent walking, calf exercises, aspirin, anticoagulants (blood thinners), graduated compression stockings, intermittent pneumatic compression[5]
使用する医薬品 Low-molecular-weight heparin, warfarin, direct oral anticoagulant[3][5]
治療 Anticoagulation, graduated compression stockings[2]
頻度 1 in 1,000 people per year[6]
分類および外部参照情報
Patient UK 深部静脈血栓症

深部静脈血栓症(しんぶじょうみゃくけっせんしょう、Deep vein thrombosis、 DVT)は、深部静脈血栓が形成する疾患であり、最も一般的に脚に発症する[2][注釈 1]

症状は患部の痛み、腫れ、発赤、熱などである[2]。症例の約半数は無症状である[2]。合併症には、剥離した凝血塊が肺に移動することにより肺血栓塞栓症血栓後症候群になることがありえる[2][3]

リスク要因には、手術後、、外傷、運動不足、肥満喫煙ホルモンによる避妊妊娠および出産後、抗リン脂質症候群、特定の遺伝的状態などがあげあれる[3][4]。遺伝的要因にはアンチトロンビンプロテインCプロテインS[要リンク修正]の欠損、さらに第V因子ライデン英語版の変異があげられる[3]。一般的な基礎となるDVTの機序は、血流速度の低下英語版血栓形成傾向英語版の増加、血管壁の損傷など、いくつかの組み合わせによるものである[2]

DVTが疑われる人には、Wellsスコアなどの臨床予測ルールを用いた診察をすることができる[3][4]。DVTの診断の除外を補助するため、またはさらなる検査の必要性を判断するために、 Dダイマーを用いることがある[2]。診断は一般的に血栓が疑わしい患部の静脈の超音波検査によって確認される[2]。DVTと肺塞栓症を併せた疾患は静脈血栓塞栓症(VTE)として知られている[2]

標準的なDVTの治療法は抗凝固療法(血液希釈剤)である[2]。一般的に使用される薬には、低分子量ヘパリンワルファリン、または経口の抗凝固薬がある[3]。段階式着圧ストッキングを着用することにより、血栓後症候群のリスクを減らすことができる場合がある[5]。手術後の予防には、早くからの頻度の歩行、脹脛(ふくらはぎ)の運動、アスピリン、抗凝固剤、段階式着圧ストッキング間欠的な空気圧迫などがあげられる[5]。DVTの発生率は小児期から老年期にかけて増加し、成人期には、年間約1000人に約1人に影響している[6]。人生でVTEを発症する確率は約5%である[4]

注釈

  1. ^ Thrombosis associated with the abdominal organs (viscera)—such as portal vein thrombosis, renal vein thrombosis, and Budd–Chiari syndrome—are separate diseases excluded from the scope of this definition.

出典

  1. ^ New DVT guidelines: No evidence to support "economy-class syndrome"; oral contraceptives, sitting in a window seat, advanced age, and pregnancy increase DVT risk in long-distance travelers”. American College of Chest Physicians (7 February 2012). 3 June 2016時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。10 February 2012閲覧。
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Deep Vein Thrombosis” (英語). NHLBI, NIH. 14 December 2017時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。14 December 2017閲覧。
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT)”. Merck Manuals Professional Edition (July 2016). 5 November 2017時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。15 December 2017閲覧。
  4. ^ a b c d Ferri, Fred F. (2017) (英語). Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2018 E-Book: 5 Books in 1. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 357. ISBN 9780323529570. オリジナルの15 December 2017時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://books.google.ca/books?id=wGclDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA357 
  5. ^ a b c d Deep Venous Thrombosis Prevention – Cardiovascular Disorders – Merck Manuals Professional Edition”. Merck Manuals Professional Edition (July 2016). 18 September 2017時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。15 December 2017閲覧。
  6. ^ a b “Racial differences in venous thromboembolism”. J Thromb Haemost 9 (10): 1877–82. (2011). doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04443.x. PMID 21797965. 

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