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Elephas pumilio

Elephas pumilio in insula Borneo vivens (Elephas maximus borneensis)
Ossa elephantis pumilionis ex insula Creta oriunda (Mammuthus creticus)

Elephas pumilio[1] plures elephantorum species humili statura denotat, quae quidem nunc maxima ex parte exstinctae aevo glaciali variis in insulis progressae sunt. Reductio magnitudinis, quae etiam in aliis mammaliis (ut puta in hippopotamo) observatur, aptatio ad minorem in insula ambitum, cibum tenuiorem et carnivorum absentiam esse videtur.

Elephantes insulares Europaei exstincti

In nonnullis insulis Maris Mediterranei Pleistocaeno formae pumiliones vixerunt, quae maxima ex parte ex Elephante antiquo ortae sunt. Praeterea sunt species, quamvis rarius, quae a Mammutho repetunt.

Aliae species exstinctae

Species recentes

  • Elephas pumilio nomine Elephas maximus borneensis, qui in insula Borneo vivit, sub-species est Elephantis maximi.
  • Praeterea de elephante pumilione Africano nomine "Loxodonta pumilio", num in silva pluviali Africae re vera sit, disputatur.[12]

Bibliographia

  • Jordi Augusti: Mammoths, Sabertooths and Hominids 65 Million Years of Mammalian Evolution in Europe. Columbia University Press, Novi Eboraci et al. 2002, ISBN 0-231-11640-3
  • Erich Thenius: Grundzüge der Faunen- und Verbreitungsgeschichte der Säugetiere. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgardiae 1980, ISBN 3-437-30312-0
  • Harald Gebhardt und Mario Ludwig: Von Drachen, Yetis und Vampiren - Fabeltieren auf der Spur. Domus editoria BLV-Verlag, Monaci, 2005, ISBN 3-405-16679-9

Notae

  1. ↑ Appellatio sequitur Noack, qui anno 1906 speciem "Loxodonta pumilio" postulavit, vide infra.
  2. ↑ Maria Rita Palombo: Elephants in miniature. In: Harald Meller (ed.): Elefantenreich – Eine Fossilwelt in Europa. Halle/Saale, 2010, p. 275–295
  3. ↑ Lucia Caloi, Tassos Kotsakis / Maria Rita Palombo / Carmelio Petronio: The Pleistocene dwarf elephants of Mediterranean islands. In: Jeheskel Shoshani und Pascal Tassy (ed.): The Proboscidea. Evolution and palaeoecology of the Elephants and their relatives. Oxoniae, Novi Eboraci, Tokii, 1996, p. 234-239
  4. ↑ G. E. Theodorou: Die fossilen Zwergelefanten der Höhle „Charkadio“ auf der Insel Tilos, Athenis 1983 (= Dissertatio).
  5. ↑ Baruch Rosen: „Mammoths in ancient Egypt?“, in: Nature 369, 1994, p. 364-365.
  6. ↑ Hans Dietrich Kahlke: Das Eiszeitalter. Lipsiae et al. 1981
  7. ↑ R. Melis / Maria Rita Palombo / M. Mussi: Mammuthus lamarmorae (Major, 1883) remains in the pre-Tyrrhenian deposits of San Giovanni in Sinis (Western Sardinia, Italy). In: G. Cavarretta et al. (ed.): The World of Elephants – International Congress. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. Romae, 2001, p. 481–485
  8. ↑ Victoria L. Herridge / Adrian M. Lister: Extreme insular dwarfism evolved in a mammoth. Proceedings of the Royal Society series B 2012 doi:10.1098/rspb.2012.0671
  9. ↑ Adrian M. Lister: Mammoths in miniature. Nature 362, 1993, S. 288-289
  10. ↑ J. M. Enk, D. R. Yesner, K. J. Crossen, D. W. Veltre und D. H. O’Rourke: Phylogeographic Analysis of the mid-Holocene Mammoth from Qagnax Cave, St. Paul Island, Alaska. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 273 (1-2), 2009, p. 184-190
  11. ↑ V. Louise Roth: Pleistocene dwarf elephants from the California Islands. In: Jeheskel Shoshani und Pascal Tassy (ed.): The Proboscidea. Evolution and palaeoecology of the Elephants and their relatives. Oxoniae et al. 1996, p. 249–253
  12. ↑ Status of the so-called African pygmy elephant (Loxodonta pumilio (NOACK 1906)) - 2003

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