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Lingua Hindica

Lingua Hindica
हिन्दी seu हिंदी
IPA[ hɪnd̪i: ]
Taxinomialingua sive series linguarum Indica e divisione Indoiranica familiae Indoeuropaeae
Locutores180 000 000 (Hindi stricto sensu)
120 000 000 ut lingua secunda
Sigla1 hi, 2 hin, 3 hin
Status publicus
OfficialisIndia
Privatain multis civitatibus
LitteraeLitterae Hindi
ScripturaScriptura Devanagari
Procuratio
Familiae linguisticae coloribus Vicipaedicis pictae
Familiae linguisticae coloribus Vicipaedicis pictae
Familiae linguisticae coloribus Vicipaedicis pictae
Regio linguistica Hindi sicut apud Masica (1991) evolvitur
Regio linguistica Hindi sicut apud Masica (1991) evolvitur
Regio linguistica Hindi sicut apud Masica (1991) evolvitur

Lingua Hindica[1] (Devanāgarī हिन्दी aut हिंदी, Hindī /ˈɦɪndiː/) est una e nonnullis linguis quae linguae Hindi appellantur.[2] Quaeque ad divisionem Indicam sive Indoaryanam familiae Indoeuropaeae pertinent; qua lingua hominum inter 180 000 000 et 500 000 000 in India boreali mediaque loquuntur.[3][4] Hindica est una e duabus civitatis Indiae linguis publicis et una e viginti duabus linguis Indiae schedulo enumeratis.[5] Etiam homines aliarum multarum civitatum, quod vocabulo Hindi appellatur, sese loqui confitentur; sed quam linguam sic dicunt ipsi, philologi saepe aliis nominibus, ut Bhojpuri, Maithili vocant aliisque. Est etiam haec lingua publica tertia insulis Vitiensibus, quae ibi Hindi seu Hindustani appellatur; qui separatus esse sermo censetur, et nomine Hindi Vitiensis (Anglice Fiji Hindi) nuncupatur.

Regio linguistica Hindi

Linguae Hindicae soror ut ita dicamus gemina est Urdu, eadem origine, sed quae gentibus religionis Islamicae est in usu et litteris Perso-Arabicis scribitur.

Gregi linguarum Hindicarum limites varii imponuntur. A quibusdam recognoscuntur haec:

Historia

Hindica ex Sauraseni Prakrit originem ducit.[6] Quamquam inter doctos discrepat de ipso nascendi tempore, lingua Hindica ex dialectis locorum sicut Braj, Awadhi et Khari Boli orta videtur post saeculum nonum (hae dialecti etiam nunc multis sunt in usu).[7] Sultanis Dellii regnantibus et tempore Imperii Mughal, quod Persica lingua publice utebatur, Khari Boli multa Persica Arabicaque verba accepit. Quod attinet ad verba Arabica origine: quia paene omnia venerunt ex Persico, eorum conformatio in Hindi-Urdu priorem phonologiam Arabicam non conservat.

Usus hodiernus

Sonus linguae Hindicae

Hindicus ordinarius est publicus Indiae sermo, omniumque linguarum, quae in schedulo enumerantur, in usu est latissimo. Quo sermone homines in septentrionalibus praecipue civitatibus utuntur: Rajasthan, Dellium, Haryana, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand Biharque. Eadem altera est lingua maior in insulis Andaman et Nicobar. Insuper in usu est praeter linguas regionum principales per Indiam septentrionalem mediamque, quae sunt linguae Paniabica, Gujarati, Marathi, Bengalica. Intellegitur Hindi vulgo etiam in aliis Indiae regionibus, atque item in Nepalia, Bangladesha, Pakistania.

Nexus interni

Notae

  1. ↑ Christianus Lassen, Institutiones linguae Pracriticae(Bonnae, 1837), p.385
  2. ↑ "Lingua Hindi": Christianus Lassen, Institutiones linguae Pracriticae (Bonnae, 1837) (Textus apud Google Books) app. pp. 12, 20.
  3. ↑ Shapiro (2003), p. 251
  4. ↑ Secundum censum Indicum anno 1991 actum.
  5. ↑ Leges Reipublicae Indiae, Pars XVII, Membrum 343.
  6. ↑ Henry Yule, A. C. Burnell, William Crooke (1903), Hobson-Jobson, Londinii: John Murray, p. 344 
  7. ↑ M. Shapiro, Hindi.

Nexus externi

Wikipedia
Wikipedia

Bibliographia

Usitatus Hindi ambitus latissimo verbi sensu.
Bibliographica
  • Aggarwal, Narindar K. 1985. A Bibliography of Studies on Hindi. Language and Linguistics. Gurgaon, Haryana: Indian Documentation Service.
Grammatica et didactica
  • Bhatia, Tej K. 1996. Colloquial Hindi: The Complete Course for Beginners. Londinii et Novi Eboraci: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-11087-4.
  • Gatzlaff-Hälsing, Margot. 2003. Grammatischer Leitfaden des Hindi. Helmut Buske Verlag, Hamburg. ISBN 978-3-87548-331-4.
  • Koul, Omkar N. 2008. Modern Hindi Grammar. Springfield: Dunwoody Press.
  • Koul, Omkar N. 1994. Hindi Phonetic Reader. Dellii: Indian Institute of Language Studies.
  • McGregor, R. S. 1977. Outline of Hindi Grammar. Ed. 2a. Oxoniae et Dellii: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-870008-3 (ed. 3a.).
  • Sinha, Kadambari. 2007. Konversationskurs Hindi. Hamburgi: Helmut Buske Verlag. ISBN 978-3-87548-488-5.
  • Snell, Rupert, et Simon Weightman 1989, 2003. Teach Yourself Hindi. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-142012-9.
Lexica
Philologica
  • Bhatia, Tej K. A. 1987. History of the Hindi Grammatical Tradition. Leiden, Netherlands & New York, NY : E.J. Brill. ISBN 90-04-07924-60.
  • Chatterji, Suniti K. 1960. Indo-Aryan and Hindi. Ed. 2a, retractata. Calcuttae: Firma K.L. Mukhopadhyay.
  • King, Christopher R. 1994. One Language, Two Scripts: The Hindi Movement in Nineteenth Century North India. Bombay: Oxford University Press.
  • Masica, Colin P. 1991. The Indo-Aryan languages. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-29944-2 (Paginae selectae apud Google Books)
  • Rai, Amrit. 1984. A house divided: The origin and development of Hindi-Hindustani. Dellii: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-561643-X.
  • Shapiro, Michael C. 2003. "Hindi.", in The Indo-Aryan Languages, ed. George Cardona et Dhanesh Jain, 250–285. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-77294-5 (Paginae selectae apud Google Books)
  • Tiwari, Bholanath. (1966) 2004. हिन्दी भाषा (Hindī Bhāshā). Allahabad: Kitāb Mahal. ISBN 81-225-0017-X.

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