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Marcus Claudius Marcellus

Wikidata Marcus Claudius Marcellus
Res apud Vicidata repertae:
Marcus Claudius Marcellus: imago
Marcus Claudius Marcellus: imago
Nativitas: 270 a.C.n.; Roma antiqua
Obitus: 208 a.C.n.; Venusia
Patria: Roma antiqua

Familia

Genitores: Marcus Claudius Marcellus; unknown value
Coniunx: unknown value
Proles: Marcus Claudius M.f. Marcellus
Familia: Claudii Marcelli

Memoria

Sepultura: Tomb of Marcus Claudius Marcellus
Denarius antiquus caput Claudii Marcelli exhibens. Hic denarius primum circa 50 a.C.n. a triumviro monetario P. Cornelio Lentulo Marcellino percussus est (unde titulus MARCELLINVS). Multo postea ab imperatore Traiano restitutus est, qui nonnullos denarios reipublicae liberae commemorationis causa iterum cudi iussit. Secundum imaginis huius auctorem de denario restituto hic agitur (quod ex inscriptione aversae partis cognosci potest).

Marcus Claudius Marcellus (natus circa annum 268 a.C.n., mortuus anno 208 a.C.n. Venusiae) vir consularis Romanus fuit.

Gens

Filius eius Marcus Claudius M.f. Marcellus consul anni 196 a.C.n. erat.

Cursus honorum

Claudius Marcellus anno 222 una cum Gnaeo Cornelio Scipione Calvo primo consul electus est. Ambo consules eo anno Insubres Gallos vicerunt et Marcellus spolia opima adeptus est, dum Gallorum ducem Viridomarum in proelio sua manu occidit atque armis spoliat[1]. Anno 216 post cladem apud Cannas acceptam praetor Hannibalem vinci posse primus docuit. Cum enim ad Nolam Hannibal accessisset, spe urbis per proditionem recipiendae, Marcellus instructa ante urbis portam acie cum eo conflixit, et Poenos fudit. Pulsus Hannibal exercitum ad Casilinum parvam Campaniae urbem duxit. Parvum erat in ea praesidium et tamen penuria frumenti efficiebat ut nimium hominum esse videretur. Hannibal primo cives verbis benignis ad portas aperiendas coepit allicere: deinde cum in fide Romana perstarent, moliri portas el claustra refringere parat. Tam ex urbe ingenti cum tumultu erumpunt cohortes duae intus instructae, stragemque Poenorum faciunt. Pudor Annibalemab incoepto avertit. Italique relicto circa Casilinum praesidio ne omissa res videretur, ipse in hiberna Capuam concessit, partemque majorem hiemis exercitum in tectis habuit.

Mitescente iam hieme, Hannibal Casilinum rediit, ubi obsidio continuata oppidanos ad ultimum inopiae adduxerat. Marcellum cupientem obsessis ferre auxilium Vulturnus amnis inflatus aquis tenebat; at Gracchus, qui cum equitatu Romano Casilino assidebat, farre ex agris undique convecto complura dolia implevit, deinde nuncium ad magistratum Casilinum misit, ut exciperet dolia quae amnis deferret. Insequenti nocte dolia medio missa amne defluxerunt. Aequaliter inter omnes frumentum divisum: id postero quoque die ac tertio factum est. Re detecta, Annibal, catena per medium flumen injecta, intercepit dolia. Tum nuces a Romanis sparsae, quae aqua defluente Casilinum deferebantur, et cratibus excipiebantur. Eo commeatu sociorum necessitas aliquandiu sublevata est.

Postremo ad id ventum est inopiae, ut Casilinates lora manderent detractasque scutis pelles, quas fervida molliebant aqua, nec muribus aliove animali abstinuerunt. Quidam ex his avarus murem captum maluit ducentis denariis vendere, quam eo ipse vesci, leniendae famis gratia. Utrique venditori nempe et emptori, sors merita obtigit nam avaro fame consumpto non licuit sui pecuniae frui; emptor vero cibo comparato vixit. Tandem omne herbarum radicumque genus infimis aggeribus muri eruerunt; et cum hostes locum exarassent, Casilinates raporum semen injecerunt. Miratus Annibal exclamavit: "Eone, usque dum ea nascantur, ad Casilinum sessurus sum!" Et qui nullam antea pactionem auribus admiserat, tum demum aequas deditionis conditiones non repudiavit.

Anno 215 consul II suffectus creatus est. collega eius Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus fuit, qui etiam anno sequente consulatus honorem cum Marcello tulit. Cum eo anno Sicilia a Romanis ad Poenos defecisset, Marcellus consul creatus Syracusas, urbem Siciliae nobilissimam, oppugnavit. Diuturna fuit obsidio; nec eam nisi post tres annos cepit Marcellus. Item confecisset celerius nisi unus homo ea tempestate Syracusis fuisset. Is erat Archimedes, mirabilis inventor machinarum, quibus omnia Romanorum opera brevi disturbabat. Captis Syracusis, Marcellus eximia hominis prudentia delectatus, ut capiti illius parceretur edixit. Archimedes, dum in pulvere quasdam formas describeret attentius, patriam suam captam esse non senserat. Miles praedandi causa in domum eius irrupit, et minantis voce quisnam esset eum interrogavit. Archimedes propter cupiditatem illud investigandi quod requirebat, non respondit. Statim a milite obtruncatus est. Ejus mortem aegre tulit Marcellus, sepulturaeque curam habuit.

Marcellus, recepta Sicilia, cum ad urbem venisset, postulavit ut sibi triumphanti Romam inire liceret. Id non impetravit; sed tantum ut ovans ingrederetur. Pridie iniussu senatus in monte Albano triumphavit; inde ovans multam prae se praedam in urbem intulit. Cum simulacro captarum Syracusarum perlata sunt multa urbis ornamenta, nobiliaque signa quibus abundabant Syracusae; quae omnia ad aedem Honoris atque Virtutis contulit; nihil in suis aedibus, nihil in hortis posuit. In sequenti anno iterum Annibalem missus est. Tumulus erat inter Punica et Romana castra, quem occupare Marcellus cupiebat; at prius locum ipse explorare voluit. Eo cum paucis equitibus proficiscitur; sed in insidias delapsus est, et lancea transfixus occubuit. Annibal inventum Marcelli corpus magnifice sepeliri iussit.

Notae

  1. ↑ Polybius II 34; Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita, Epitoma XX; Propertius IV 10, 39–41.

Bibliographia

Fontes

Haec pagina textum incorporat ex opere abbatis C. F. Lhomond De viris illustribus urbis Romae, 1779.


Antecessores:
Gaius Flaminius C.f. et Publius Furius Sp.f. Philus 		Consul
222 a.C.n.
cum
Gnaeo Cornelio Scipione Calvo 		Successores:
Publius Cornelius Cn.f. Scipio Asina et Marcus Minucius C.f. Rufus
Antecessores:
Tiberius Sempronius Ti.f. Gracchus et Lucius Postumius A.f. Albinus III 		Consul
214 a.C.n.
cum
Quintus Fabio Q.f. Maximo Verrucoso IV 		Successores:
Quintus Fabius Q.f. Maximus et Tiberius Sempronius Ti.f. Gracchus II
Antecessores:
Publius Sulpicius Ser.f. Galba Maximus et Gnaeus Fulvius Cn.f. Centumalus Maximus 		Consul
210 a.C.n.
cum
Marco Valerio P.f. Laevino II 		Successores:
Quintus Fabius Q.f. Maximus Verrucosus V et Quintus Fulvius M.f. Flaccus IV
Antecessores:
Quintus Fabius Q.f. Maximus Verrucosus V et Quintus Fulvius M.f. Flaccus IV 		Consul
208 a.C.n.
cum
Tito Quinctio L.f. Crispino 		Successores:
Gaius Claudius Ti.f. Nero et Marcus Livius M.f. Salinator II

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