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Vespasianus

Wikidata Vespasianus
Res apud Vicidata repertae:
Vespasianus: imago
Vespasianus: imago
Nativitas: 17 Novembris 9 CE; Falacrine
Obitus: 23 Iunii 79 CE; Aquae Cutiliae
Patria: Roma antiqua

Familia

Genitores: Titus Flavius Sabinus; Vespasia Polla
Coniunx: Flavia Domitilla
Proles: Titus, Domitianus, Domitilla the Younger
Familia: Gens Flavia, Flavii Sabini

Memoria

Sepultura: Roma
Imperatores gentis Flaviae
Vespasianus
Liberi
Titus
Liberi
Domitianus
Liberi
  • Filius et filia mortui in infantia
Titus Flavius Vespasianus

Titus Flavius Vespasianus (natus Phalacrinae apud Reate 17 Novembris 9, mortuus 23 Iunii 79 in villa apud Aquas Cutilias), fundator Domus Flavianae, erat imperator Romanus ab anno 69 usque ad mortem.

Familia

Familia Vespasiani Sabina erat.[1]. Pater eius Flavius Sabinus eques et exactor vectigalium in provincia Asia, mater Vespasia Polla ex ordine senatorio erat. Frater Vespasiani Titus Flavius Sabinus fuit, qui bis praefectus urbi Romae erat. In matrimonium duxit Flaviam Domitillam, quae duos filios peperit, imperatores futuros Titum Domitianumque. Felicior fratre factus est. Filius fratre appellatus est.[Latinitas dolet] Praeterea filiam habuit Flavia Domitilla, quae Quinto Petillio Ceriali Caesio Rufo nupsit. Flavia Domitilla uxor ante annum 69 mortua est[2]. Postea cum Antonia Caenide, liberta et antea secretaria Antoniae minoris ut uxore vixit, quae Vespasiani cursui honorum iam ante imperium valde favebat. Filiam suam in matrimoniam non duxit. Quae anno 73 vel 74 mortua est.

Cursus honorum ante imperium

Emeritus tribunus militum in Thracia anno 26, Vespasianus erat quaestor Cretae et Cyrenis anno 35/36, deinde aedilis plebis (38) et praetor Romae anno 38/39. Ab anno 42 usque ad annum 47 legatus Legionis II Augustae erat. Anno 43, Claudium in Britanniam comitatus est. Anno 51 erat consul suffectus, anno 63 proconsul Africae. Satelles Neronis anno 66 Graeciam invasit et legatus Augusti pro praetore bellum contra Iudaeam eodem anno gessit.

De titulis

Senator Titus Flavius Vespasianus augustus factus Imperator Caesar Vespasianus Augustus publice appellabatur. Quia Kalendis Iuliis anni 69 ad imperatoriam dignitatem pervenerat eius tribunicia potestas quotannis Kalendis Iuliis renovabaturː exempli gratia secunda parte anni 72 et prima parte anni 73 tribunicia potestate quarta instructus erat (TRP IV in inscriptionibus). Item consulatum quotannis gessit praeter annos 73 et 78ː ita anno 70 erat consul iterum, 71 consul tertium, 72 consul quartum, 74 consul quintum (in inscriptionibus COS V) etc usque ad nonum consulatum (79). Censuram annis 73-74 gessit. Pontifex maximus iam ab anno 70 fuit, pater patriae appellatus est mense decembri anni 69, quem titulum ab anno 71 usurpare coepit.

Imperator

Exercitus orientis eum imperatorem pronuntiavit anno 69, anno quattuor imperatorum. C. Licinius Mucianus quoque, gubernator Syriae, opem Vespasiano tulit. Etiam copiae Moesiae, Pannoniae, et Illyrici favorem suum ei dederunt, et exercitus, sub imperio Antonii Primi, in Italiam progressus est. Vitellius, imperator regnans eo tempore, ab Antonio victus est Bedriaci, et Antonius Romae ingressus est. Inter dimicationem insequentem, Templum Iovis Optimi Maximi in Capitolino igne deletum est.

Vespasianus in Aegypto remansit, et, nuntiis victoriae auditis, granum Romae misit et leges Neronis abrogavit. Cum Romam anno 70 advenerit, modestiam exercitui restituit et nova vectigalia instituit. Vitam simplicem egit, et ruborem nobilibus ob intemperantias eorum incussit.

Censor, emendavit ordinem equestrem, Senatum, praetorianos. Seditiones in Gallia et Germania oppressit, et anno 70 filius suus Titus Hierosolymam cepit. Anno 78, Agricola limites in Britannia propagavit. Pax Vespasiani in proverbium venit.

Plinius maior Naturalem historiam per regnum Vespasiani scripsit, et librum Tito dedicavit. Multae pecuniae in aedificationibus publicis a Vespasiano erogatae sunt, exempli gratia Amphitheatrum Flavianum vel Colosseum.

Vespasianus anno 79 mortuus est, et a Tito successus est. Secundum Suetonium, "Vae," inquit ille, "puto deus fio." Verba ultima sua erant "imperatorem stantem mori oportere."

Notae

  1. ↑ Suetonius, De vita Caesarum "Divus Vespasianus" 2: "Vespasianus natus est in Sabinis ultra Reate vico modico, cui nomen est Phalacrinae, XV. kal. Dec. vesperi."
  2. ↑ Suetonius, De vita Caesarum "Divus Vespasianus" 3

Fontes de vita et principatu Vespasiani

Aureus Vespasiani imperatoris.

Nexus interni

Bibliographia

  • "Vespasian, Domitian and Titus" in Rhiannon Ash, Ordering anarchy: armies and leaders in Tacitus' Histories (Londinii: Duckworth, 1999. ISBN 0715628003) pp. 127-146
Imperatores Romani

Augustus · Tiberius · Caligula · Claudius · Nero · Galba · Otho · Vitellius · Vespasianus · Titus · Domitianus · Nerva · Traianus · Hadrianus · Antoninus Pius · Marcus Aurelius · Lucius Verus · Avidius Cassius (usurpator) · Commodus · Pertinax · Didius Iulianus · Pescennius Niger (usurpator) · Clodius Albinus (usurpator) · Septimius Severus · Caracalla · Geta · Macrinus · Diadumenianus · Elagabalus · Alexander Severus · Maximinus Thrax · Gordianus I · Gordianus II · Pupienus · Balbinus · Gordianus III · Philippus Arabs · Philippus II · Decius · Herennius Etruscus · Hostilianus · Trebonianus Gallus · Volusianus · Aemilianus · Valerianus · Gallienus · Saloninus · Postumus (usurpator) · Laelianus (usurpator) · Marius (usurpator) · Victorinus (ursurpator) · Tetricus I (usurpator) · Tetricus II (usurpator) · Claudius Gothicus · Quintillus · Aurelianus · Tacitus · Florianus · Probus · Carus · Carinus · Numerianus · Diocletianus · Maximianus · Carausius (usurpator) · Allectus (usurpator) · Constantius Chlorus · Galerius · Constantinus I · Licinius · Flavius Valerius Severus · Maximinus · Maxentius · Domitius Alexander (usurpator) · Constantius II · Constantinus II · Constans · Magnentius (usurpator) · Iulianus · Iovianus · Valentinianus I · Valens · Procopius (usurpator) · Gratianus · Valentinianus II · Magnus Maximus (usurpator) · Theodosius I · Eugenius (usurpator) · Honorius · Arcadius · Constantius III · Priscus Attalus (usurpator) · Constantinus III (usurpator) · Iovinus (usurpator) · Valentinianus III · Ioannes (usurpator) · Petronius Maximus · Marcianus · Avitus · Leo I · Maiorianus · Libius Severus · Anthemius · Olybrius · Leo II · Glycerius · Zeno · Iulius Nepos · Romulus Augustus


Antecessores:
Servius Galba Imp. Caesar Augustus II et Titus Vinius (Rufinus?) 		Consul
70
cum
Tito Caesare Vespasiano 		Successores:
ipse III et Marcus Cocceius Nerva


Antecessores:
ipse II et Titus Caesar Vespasianus 		Consul
71
cum
Marco Cocceio Nerva 		Successores:
ipse IV et Titus Caesar Vespasianus II


Antecessores:
ipse III et Marcus Cocceius Nerva 		Consul
72
cum
Tito Caesare Vespasiano II 		Successores:
Caesar Domitianus II et Lucius Valerius Catullus Messallinus


Antecessores:
Caesar Domitianus II et Lucius Valerius Catullus Messallinus 		Consul
74
cum
Tito Caesare Vespasiano III 		Successores:
ipse VI et Titus Caesar Vespasianus IV


Antecessores:
ipse V et Titus Caesar Vespasianus III 		Consul
75
cum
Tito Caesare Vespasiano IV 		Successores:
ipse VII et Titus Caesar Vespasianus V


Antecessores:
ipse VI et Titus Caesar Vespasianus IV 		Consul
76
cum
Tito Caesare Vespasiano V 		Successores:
ipse VIII et Titus Caesar Vespasianus VI


Antecessores:
ipse VII et Titus Caesar Vespasianus V 		Consul
77
cum
Tito Caesare Vespasiano VI 		Successores:
Decimus Iunius Novius Priscus et Lucius Ceionius Commodus


Antecessores:
Decimus Iunius Novius Priscus et Lucius Ceionius Commodus 		Consul
79
cum
Tito Caesare Vespasiano VII 		Successores:
Imp. Titus Caesar Vespasianus Augustus VIII et Caesar Domitianus VII

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