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Vediniai metrai

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Vediniai metrai (skr. छन्दस् = IAST: chandas) – poetinių metrų sistema, naudota vedų giesmėms kurti. Atskirai išdėstyta tam skirtoje vedangoje „Čhandas“.

Pagrindinis vedinio teksto vienetas yra metrinė pėda (pāda). „Rigvedoje“ 3 arba 4 pėdos sudaro posmą (mantra). Skiemenys pėdoje skirstomi į trumpuosius arba „lengvuosius“ (laghu) ir ilguosius arba „svariuosius“ (guru). Trumpieji skiemenys yra tie, kuriuos sudaro trumpas balsis, o po to skiemens nėra priebalsių samplaikos; visi kiti skiemenys (kuriuos sudaro ilgas balsis, dvibalsis arba po kurių yra priebalsių samplaika) yra ilgi.

Pagal pėdų skaičių posme ir skiemenų skaičių pėdoje išskiriami tokie vediniai metrai, sutinkami „Rigvedoje“:

  • gajatri (गायत्री, gāyatrī): 3 pėdos po 8 skiemenis (viso 24 skiemenys);
  • trištubhas (त्रिष्टुभ्, triṣṭubh): 4 pėdos po 11 skiemenų (viso 44 skiemenys);
  • anuštubhas (अनुष्टुभ्, anuṣṭubh): 4 pėdos po 8 skiemenis (viso 32 skiemenys);
  • džagati (जगती, jagatī): 4 pėdos po 12 skiemenų (viso 48 skiemenys);
  • brihati (बृहती, bṛhatī): 4 pėdos po 8 ar 12 (8 + 8 + 12 + 8) skiemenų (viso 36 skiemenys).

Vietomis „Rigvedoje“ pasitaiko ir kitokių metrų (virāj, paṅkti). „Atharvavedoje“ taip pat veikia ši metrinė sistema, tačiau daugelyje užkalbėjimų metrai išyra, vietomis net pereina į prozą.

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