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Ksenons

Ksenons
54


8
18
18
8
2
Xe

131,293 g/mol

[Kr]4d105s25p6
    
Ksenona spīdēšana elektriskajā laukā
Oksidēšanas pakāpes 0, +1, +2, +4, +6, +8
Elektronegativitāte 2,6
Blīvums normālos apstākļos 5,894 kg/m3
Kušanas temperatūra 161,4 K (-111,7 °C)
Viršanas temperatūra 165,03 K (-108,12 °C)

Ksenons ir ķīmiskais elements ar simbolu Xe un atomskaitli 54. Ksenons ir salīdzinoši smaga cēlgāze bez krāsas un smaržas, kura brīvā veidā nelielos daudzumos ir sastopama arī Zemes atmosfērā.[1] Ksenons ir ķīmiski samērā inerta gāze. Ksenons vēsturiski bija pirmā cēlgāze, kurai tika iegūti ķīmiskie savienojumi. Ksenons pats par sevi nav toksisks, taču tā savienojumi ir spēcīgi oksidētāji. Nozīmīgākais ksenona pielietojums ir gāzizlādes lampu uzpildīšana.

Vēsture

Ksenonu 1898. gada 12. jūlijā atklāja skotu ķīmiķis Viljams Remzijs un angļu ķīmiķis Moriss Traverss, neilgi pēc tam, kad viņi bija atklājuši neonu un kriptonu. Pētot kriptonu, viņi ksenonu atklāja kā piejaukumu tam. Elementa nosaukums ir radies no grieķu vārda ξένος (xénos), kas nozīmē "svešzemju-".

Atrašanās dabā

Uz Zemes ksenons galvenokārt atrodas atmosfērā. Gaisā tas ir aptuveni 87±1 miljardās tilpuma daļas. Tas ir atrodams arī karsto avotu ūdeņos.

Izotopi

Dabā ir sastopami deviņi dažādi ksenona izotopi. Visizplatītākie izotopi ir ksenons-132 (26,9086% no kopējā ksenona daudzuma), ksenons-129 (26,4006%) un ksenons-131 (21,232%), kā arī radioaktīvie ksenons-134 (10,4357%) un ksenons-136 (8,8573%).[2] Ir zināmi arī vairāk nekā 40 mākslīgi iegūti nestabili izotopi, kuri ir radioaktīvi. To atommasa ir no 108 līdz 148.

Iegūšana

Rūpnieciski ksenons tiek iegūts no sašķidrināta gaisa.[3]

Fizikālās īpašības

Ksenona viršanas temperatūra ir -108,12 °C, bet kušanas temperatūra ir -111,7 °C. Normālos apstākļos tā blīvums ir 5,894 kg/m3.

Ķīmiskās īpašības

Ksenons bija pirmā inertā gāze, ar kuru ieguva dažādus ķīmisko savienojumus. Ir iegūti vairāk nekā 80 ksenona savienojumi, galvenokārt ar fluoru un skābekli, taču tie ir salīdzinoši nestabili.

Atsauces un piezīmes

  1. ↑ Staff. «Xenon». Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia (angliski) (6th edition izd.). Columbia University Press, 2007. Skatīts: 2007. gada 23. oktobrī.
  2. ↑ «Isotopes of the Element Xenon» (angliski). Jefferson Lab. Skatīts: 2013. gada 12. septembrī.
  3. ↑ «Xenon Facts» (angliski). Chemistry.About.com. Arhivēts no oriģināla, laiks: 2013. gada 24. Maijs. Skatīts: 2013. gada 12. septembrī.

Ārējās saites

Ķīmisko elementu periodiskā tabula
H   He
Li Be   B C N O F Ne
Na Mg   Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca Sc   Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga
As
Br Kr
Rb Sr Y   Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn
Te I Xe
Cs Ba La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi
Rn
Fr Ra Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og

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