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Hutang

Perniagaan pinjaman hari gaji meminjamkan wang kepada pelanggan, mereka kemudian berhutang kepada syarikat pinjaman hari gaji.

Hutang [hu.tang] atau utang (Lazim di Indonesia) ialah wang yang dipinjamkan daripada seseorang individu.[1][2] Ianya tanggungan yang memerlukan satu pihak, penghutang untuk membayar wang atau nilai dipersetujui yang lain kepada pihak lain, pemiutang. Hutang ialah bayaran tertunda, atau siri bayaran, yang membezakannya daripada pembelian serta-merta. Hutang boleh dihutang oleh negara berdaulat atau negara, kerajaan tempatan, syarikat, atau seseorang individu. Hutang perdangangan biasanya tertakluk kepada syarat berkontrak berhubung jumlah dan masa pembayaran semula wang pokok dan faedah.[3] Pinjaman, bon, nota, dan gadai janji ialah semua jenis hutang. Istilah ini boleh juga digunakan secara metafora untuk meliputi kewajipan moral dan interaksi lain yang tidak berasaskan nilai ekonomi.[4] Contohnya, seseorang yang telah dibantu oleh orang kedua kadangkala boleh dikatakan "terhutang budi" kepada orang kedua tersebut.

Jenis

Individu

Jenis hutang yang biasa dibayar oleh individu dan isi rumah termasuk pinjaman gadai janji, pinjaman kereta, hutang kad kredit, dan cukai pendapatan. Individu lebih cenderung belanja dengan banyak dan berhutang apabila menggunakan sebuah kad kredit berbanding menggunakan wang tunai sebagai pembayaran.[5][6][7][8] Ianya boleh menyebabkan kesan lut sinar dan pengguna "sakit untuk bayar".[7][9]

Kerajaan

Rencana utama: Hutang kerajaan

Rujukan

  1. ^ "hutang - Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu". prpm.dbp.gov.my. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Dicapai pada 16 Januari 2021 – melalui Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu. Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (bantuan)
  2. ^ Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia Atas Talian
  3. ^ Mahkamah Atasan Pennsylvania (1894). "Brooke et al versus the City of Philadelphia et al". Weekly Notes of Cases Argued and Determined in the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, the County Courts of Philadelphia, and the United States District and Circuit Courts for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. Kay and brother. 34 (18): 348.
  4. ^ "debt". Oxford English Dictionary (ed. 3rd). Oxford University Press. September 2005. (Langganan atau keahlian perpustakaan awam UK diperlukan.)
  5. ^ Chatterjee, P., & Rose, R. L. (2012). Do payment mechanisms change the way consumers perceive products? Journal of Consumer Research, 38(6), 1129–1139.
  6. ^ Pettit, N. C., & Sivanathan, N. (2011). The plastic trap. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 2(2), 146-153.
  7. ^ a b Prelec, D. & Loewenstein, G. (1998). The red and the black: Mental accounting of savings and debt. Marketing Science, 17(1), 4-28.
  8. ^ Raghubir, P. & Srivastava, J. (2008), Monopoly money: The effect of payment coupling and form on spending behavior Diarkibkan 15 Februari 2015 di Wayback Machine. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 14 (3), 213–25.
  9. ^ Soman, D. (2003). The effect of payment transparency on consumption: Quasi experiments from the field. Marketing Letters, 14, 173–183.

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