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Store Zimbabwe

Store Zimbabwe
   UNESCOs verdensarv   
LandZimbabwes flagg Zimbabwe
Innskrevet1986
Kriterium I, III, VI
Se ogsåVerdensarvsteder i Afrika
ReferanseUNESCO nr. 364
Store Zimbabwe ligger i Zimbabwe
Store Zimbabwe
Store Zimbabwe (Zimbabwe)

Store Zimbabwe (eller Great Zimbabwe) er det navn som er blitt gitt til steinruinene av en gammel by i det sydlige Afrika i det nåværende Zimbabwe i den moderne provinsen Masvingo. Store Zimbabwe er det moderne Zimbabwes fremste nasjonalsymbol, hvor zimbabwefuglen (et annet nasjonalsymbol) ble oppdaget. Store Zimbabwe ble opptatt på UNESCOs verdensarvsliste i 1986.

Den moderne staten Zimbabwe tok sitt navn fra denne by.

Ziimba remabwe betyr omtrent den storslagne steinbygningen på shona. Når det heter Great (store), sjelnes det mellom de mange hundre små ruiner, nå kjent som «zimbabwes», som ligger spredt rundt i Zimbabwe Highveld.[1]

Beskrivelse, historie

Stedet var sentrum for et stort rike, kjent som Munhumutapariket. Dette riket dominerte et område som omtrent dekker det nåværende Zimbabwe (som tok sitt navn fra denne byen) og Mosambik. De handlet med omverdenen via havner som Sofala sør for Zambeziflodens delta fra 400-tallet til 1400-tallet.

Byen ble bygd og beboddd av shonafolket mellom 400-tallet og 1400-tallet. Dermed er disse ruiner de eldste, og største, i Afrika sør for Sahara.[trenger referanse] Som mest antas byen å ha hatt omkring 18 000 innbyggere.[trenger referanse]

Her er tre arkitektoniske grupper over et areal på 7 km²; Hill Complex, Valley Complex og det egentlige borgområdet - Great Enclosure. Man har funnet over 300 bygninger bare i dette store borgområdet.

Ingen vet hvorfor byen etterhvert ble forlatt. Kanskje det var tørke, sykdommer eller rett og slett at gruvene ikke lenger gav så meget sølv som de tidligere hadde gjort.[trenger referanse]

Europeiske besøkere

Kjøpmenn fra Portugal var de første europeere som kom til levningene av denne by, tidlig på 1500-tallet. De trodde at de hadde funnet den myteomspunne dronningen av Sabas by.

På 1800-tallet ble det velkjent for britiske lesere av James Theodore Bents The Ruins of Mashonaland. Bent, som bare hadde arkeologisk erfaring fra Hellas og Lilleasia, mente at ruinene var bygd av fønikere.[trenger referanse] Man hadde på den tiden vanskelig for å tro at de kunne vært bygd av folk med opphav i det sørlige Afrika. og mente at det bare måtte være en kobling til Middelhavsområdet eller til noe bibelsk. Alle slike spekulasjoner kunne imidlertid tilbakevises på 1900-tallet.

Referanser

  1. ^ M. Sibanda, H. Moyana et al. 1992. The African Heritage. History for Junior Secondary Schools. Book 1. Zimbabwe Publishing House. ISBN 978-0-908300-00-6

Litteratur

  • W. G. L. Randles: L'empire du Monomotapa du XVe au XIXe, Walter de Gruyter, 1975, 167 p. ISBN 2719304158 ISBN 9782719304150
  • Webber Ndoro: « The Great Zimbabwe », Scientific American, 277, novembre 1997, Mal:P.94-99.
  • François-Xavier Fauvelle-Aymar: Histoire de l'Afrique du Sud, Paris, Seuil, 2006, Mal:P.169-186.

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