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Sykehus

Mayo Clinic - Rochester, som ligger i Rochester i Minnesota, USA, ble for 2024 kåret til «verdens beste sykehus».[1]

Sykehus, i tidligere tider også kalt hospital (av lat. hospitale = gjestevennlig) og spitall,[2] er en fellesbetegnelse for en institusjoner hvor det ytes medisinsk hjelp. Et sykehus kan bestå av ulike avdelinger og/eller bygninger.

I vår del av verden er som oftest somatiske og psykiatriske sykehus adskilt. Universitetssykehus er knyttet til et medisinsk fakultet med forskning og utdanning.

Norske sykehus

I Norge var det i eldre tider kirken som tok seg av fattige og syke. Mat og husly ble gitt i bygninger kalt spitall, som er et ord avledet fra det latinske begrepet hospitale.[2] Ved reformasjonen tok blant annet skolene over driften av hospitalene, som var delt inn som fattighus, hus for spedalske, og datidens sykestuer og egentlige sykehus. Den moderne utviklingen av sykehusvesenet begynte imidlertid først et stykke utpå 1700-tallet.[2]

I Norge eier staten alle offentlige sykehus, gjennom ett av fire regionale helseforetak. I det offentlige helsevesenet skilte man tidligere mellom regionssykehus og sentralsykehus, men disse begrepene gikk ut av bruk i 2002. Lokalsykehus betegner sykehus som gir grunnleggende tjenester til befolkningen i et avgrenset område.

Oslo universitetssykehus (OUS) er Norges og Europas største sykehus. Alle norske regionsykehus er universitetssykehus. Noen, eksempelvis Rikshospitalet (OUS), Radiumhospitalet (OUS) og Haukeland Universitetssykehus, har nasjonale funksjoner. I tillegg finnes en rekke private sykehus, som også i utstrakt grad har avtaler med de regionale helseforetak om refusjoner for medisinsk behandling. Ordningen «fritt sykehusvalg» gjør at pasienter i dag fritt kan velge å la seg undersøke og behandle ved ethvert lokalsykehus eller privat sykehus med avtale.

Se også

Referanser

  1. ^ World's Best Hospitals 2024. Newsweek/Statista, 2024. Besøkt 2024-10-12
  2. ^ a b c Sunmann, Per (1988). Fra kongelig "qvæsthuus" til fylkeskommunalt sykehus. Kongsberg: [Sykehuset]. s. 11. 

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