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Óstraco

Óstraco ou óstracon (em grego: όστρακον, ostrakon, plural όστρακα, ostraka) é um fragmento de cerâmica (ou pedra), normalmente quebrado de um vaso. Essas peças eram usadas para documentar procedimentos oficiais, mensagens, curtas, notas e avisos principalmente por serem um material mais barato do que papiro ou couro, graças à sua durabilidade um grande número de peças foram preservadas.^[1]

Na Grécia Antiga, em Atenas o fragmento de cerâmica era usado para votar se uma pessoa deveria ser punida com o ostracismo.^[2]

Sítios

Os óstracos existentes podem ser encontrada em várias regiões do Oriente Próximo, especialmente na região do Levante. Uma centena de óstracos foram descobertas na cidade israelita de Samaria.^[3]

Embora relacionados aos locais no Egito que tiveram um período de dominação romana, os fragmentos foram encontrados em vários lugares além da área de dominação como Dura Europo, na Síria, Masada em Israel, Bu Njem (atualmente Golaia), na Líbia e Jerba e Cartago, na Tunísia.^[4]

Os mais conhecidos óstracos encontrados na Palestina são as Cartas de Laquis que compreendem 21 óstracos encontradas no sítio de Tel Duveir entre 1932 e 1938. Todas datam do fim do período de ocupação judaíta em Laquis antes de sua destruição pelas mãos de Nabucodonosor II em 586 a.C.^[5]

Galeria

Óstraco ateniense com o nome do político Xantipo que foi condenado ao ostracismo em 484 a.C.^[6]
Óstraco ateniense com o nome de Mégacles, condenado ao ostracismo em 486/7 a.C.^[7]
Óstraco ateniense com o nome de Caidrocles, condenado ao ostracismo em 480/90 a.C.

Este artigo sobre arqueologia ou arqueólogo(a) é um esboço. Você pode ajudar a Wikipédia expandindo-o.

Referências

↑ Scott Hahn. Catholic Bible Dictionary. Doubleday Religious Publishing Group; 2009. ISBN 978-0-385-53008-8. p. 666.
↑ Simon Hornblower; Antony Spawforth; Esther Eidinow. The Oxford Classical Dictionary. Oxford University Press; 2012. ISBN 978-0-19-954556-8. p. 1053.
↑ Chris A. Rollston. Writing and Literacy in the World of Ancient Israel: Epigraphic Evidence from the Iron Age. Society of Biblical Lit; 2010. ISBN 978-1-58983-107-0. p. 66–67.
↑ J. Theodore Peña. Roman Pottery in the Archaeological Record. Cambridge University Press; 2007. ISBN 978-1-139-46427-7. p. 160.
↑ John D. Currid. Doing Archaeology in the Land of the Bible: A Basic Guide. Baker Academic; 1999. ISBN 978-0-8010-2213-5. p. 83.
↑ Eduardo Carlos Bianca Bittar. Curso de filosofia aristotélica. Manole; 2003. ISBN 978-85-204-1607-5. p. 1206.
↑ Sara Forsdyke. Exile, Ostracism, and Democracy: The Politics of Expulsion in Ancient Greece. Princeton University Press; 2009. ISBN 1-4008-2686-1. p. 176.

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