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Aca Larência

Aca Laurência de Jacopo della Quercia, originalmente na Fonte Gaia (Siena) e atualmente no museu de Santa Maria della Scalla, na mesma cidade

Aca Larência[1] (em latim: Acca Larentia) ou Aca Laurência é uma mulher mítica, mais tarde deusa, na Mitologia romana, em honra de quem é celebrado o festival Larentália a 23 de dezembro.

Mãe adoptiva dos fundadores de Roma

Numa das tradições mitológicas (a de Licínio Macer, et al.), Laurência foi esposa do pastor Fáustulo, e depois a mãe adoptiva de Rómulo e Remo, que, diz-se, foram salvos por ela após serem atirados ao rio Tibre por ordem do rei Amúlio, de Alba Longa. Aca Laurência teve 12 filhos, e após a morte de Rómulo, os outros 11 fundaram o colégio dos Irmãos Arvais (Fratres Arvales).[2]

Benfeitora de Roma

Outra tradição afirma que Laurência era uma rapariga bela de reputação notória, com a idade aproximada à de Rómulo e Remo, durante o reino de Anco Márcio, no século VII a.C.. Aca Laurência foi oferecida a Hércules como prémio num jogo de disputa, e trancada no seu templo com outro prémio dela, uma festa. Quando o deus não precisou mais dela, aconselhou-a a casar com o primeiro homem rico que conhecesse, que viria a ser um etrusco chamado Carúcio (ou Tarúcio, de acordo com Plutarco). Mais tarde Laurência herdou todas as suas propriedades e legou-as ao povo romano. Em gratidão com a atitude, Anco permitiu que ela fosse sepultada em Velabro, e instituiu um festival anual, a Larentália, no qual os sacrifícios eram oferecidos a Lares.[3] Plutarco afirma explicitamente que Laurência foi uma pessoa diferente da Laurência que casou com Fáustulo, apesar de outros escritores, como Licínio Macer, relacionam as suas histórias como pertencentes à mesma pessoa.[4][5]

Prostituta

Outra tradição reza que Laurência nem era a mulher de Fáustulo nem uma consorte de Hércules, mas sim uma prostituta chamada "lupa" pelos pastores (literalmente "loba", mas coloquialmente "cortesã"), e que deixou ao povo romano a fortuna que fez com o sexo.[6]

Ligação a Lares

Seja o que for o que se pense acerca das narrativas de Aca Laurência, parece claro que teve origem na etrusca, ligada com a adoração a Lares, da qual o seu nome pode ou não derivar. A sua relação também é aparente devido ao número de filhos, que corresponde aos 12 de Lares.[7][8] T.P. Wiseman explora as ligações entre Laurência, Lara e Tácita nos seus livros Remo: Um Mito Romano e Os Mitos de Roma.

Funções

Como Ceres, Terra, Flora e outras, Aca Laurência simboliza a fertilidade da terra, neste caso nas terras da cidade e nas suas culturas. Aca Larência é também identificada com Tácita, Mana Genita, e Muta.

Referências

  1. Kury 1990, p. 148.
  2. De acordo com to Masúrio Sabino em Aulo Gélio (I. c.)
  3. Compare Varro, De lingua Latina v. p. 85, ed. Bip.
  4. Macróbio Saturnália i. 10; Plutarco, Rômulo, 4, 5, Quaest. Rom. 35; Aulo Gênio vi. 7; Valério Antias
  5. Hornblower, Simon (1996). «Acca Larentia». Oxford Classical Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 3 páginas 
  6. Valer. Ant. ap. Gell. I. c,; Livy, i. 4.
  7. Macrob. Sat. I. c.; compare M'uller, Etrusleer, ii. p. 103, &c.; Hartung, Die Religion der Romer^ ii. p. 144, &c.
  8. Schmitz, Leonhard (1867). «Acca Larentia». In: Smith, William. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. 1. Boston: [s.n.] 6 páginas 

Bibliografia

  • Kury, Mário da Gama (1990). Dicionário de mitologia grega e romana. São Paulo: Zahar 
O Commons possui uma categoria com imagens e outros ficheiros sobre Aca Larência

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