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Bezafibrato

Estrutura química de Bezafibrato
Bezafibrato
Aviso médico
Nome IUPAC (sistemática)
2-(4-2-[(4-clorobenzoil)amino]etilfenoxi)-2-metilpropanóico
Identificadores
CAS 41859-67-0
ATC C10AB02
PubChem 39042
DrugBank DB01393
Informação química
Fórmula molecular ?
Massa molar 361,819 g/mol
Farmacocinética
Biodisponibilidade ?
Metabolismo Hepático
Meia-vida ?
Excreção  Renal
Considerações terapêuticas
Administração Oral
DL50 ?

Bezafibrato (comercializado como Bezalip e várias outras marcas) é um fármaco da classe bioquímica dos fibratos, usado como um agente hipolipemiante, para tratar a hiperlipidemia. Ajuda a diminuir o colesterol LDL e os triglicerídeos no sangue, bem como aumentar o colesterol HDL.

História

Bezafibrato foi introduzido pela primeira vez por Boehringer Mannheim em 1977.

Modo de ação

Como os outros fibratos, bezafibrato é um agonista do PPARα; alguns estudos sugerem que pode ter alguma atividade no PPARγ e no PPARδ também.

Usos

Bezafibrato melhora os marcadores da hiperlipidemia combinada , reduzindo efetivamente o LDL e os triglicérides e melhorando os níveis de HDL.[1] O principal efeito na morbidade cardiovascular é em pacientes com a síndrome metabólica, cujas características são atenuadas pelo bezafibrato.[2] Estudos mostram que, em pacientes com tolerância à glicose diminuída, o bezafibrato pode retardar o progresso para o diabetes,[3] e naqueles com resistência à insulina diminuiu o progresso no marcador de gravidade HOMA.[4] Além disso, um estudo prospectivo observacional de pacientes dislipidêmicos com diabetes ou hiperglicemia mostrou que o bezafibrato reduz significativamente a concentração de hemoglobina A1c (HbA1c) como uma função dos níveis basais de HbA1c, independentemente do uso concomitante de drogas antidiabéticas.[5]

Outros usos

A empresa australiana de biotecnologia Giaconda combina bezafibrato com ácido quenodesoxicólico em uma combinação de medicamentos anti-hepatite C chamada Hepaconda.

Bezafibrato demonstrou reduzir a hiperfosforilação da proteína tau e outros sinais de tauopatia em ratos transgénicos com mutação tau humana.[6]

A combinação de uma droga redutora de colesterol, o bezafibrato, e um esteróide contraceptivo, o acetato de medroxiprogesterona, pode ser um tratamento eficaz e não tóxico para uma série de cânceres, descobriram pesquisadores da Universidade de Birmingham.[7]

Efeitos colaterais

A principal toxicidade é hepática (enzimas hepáticas anormais); miopatia e, em casos raros, rabdomiólise foram relatados.

Síntese

Síntese de bezafibrato: E. Witte et al., DE 2149070 ; eidem, Patente E.U.A. 3 781 328 (ambos de 1973 para Boehringer, Mann.).

Evidência adicional de que a tolerância em massa substancial está disponível na posição para é dada pelo bezafibrato agente redutor de lípidos.

A p-clorobenzamida da tiramina sofre uma síntese etérica de Williamson com 2-bromo-2-metilpropionato de etila para completar a síntese. O grupo éster é hidrolisado em meio reacional alcalino.

Referências

  1. «Secondary prevention by raising HDL cholesterol and reducing triglycerides in patients with coronary artery disease: the Bezafibrate Infarction Prevention (BIP) study». Circulation. 102 (1): 21–7. 2000. PMID 10880410. doi:10.1161/01.cir.102.1.21 
  2. Tenenbaum, A; Motro, M; Fisman, EZ; Tanne, D; Boyko, V; Behar, S (2005). «Bezafibrate for the secondary prevention of myocardial infarction in patients with metabolic syndrome». Archives of Internal Medicine. 165 (10): 1154–60. PMID 15911729. doi:10.1001/archinte.165.10.1154 
  3. Tenenbaum, A; Motro, M; Fisman, EZ; Schwammenthal, E; Adler, Y; Goldenberg, I; Leor, J; Boyko, V; et al. (2004). «Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ligand bezafibrate for prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with coronary artery disease». Circulation. 109 (18): 2197–202. PMID 15123532. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000126824.12785.B6 
  4. Tenenbaum, A; Fisman, EZ; Boyko, V; Benderly, M; Tanne, D; Haim, M; Matas, Z; Motro, M; Behar, S (2006). «Attenuation of progression of insulin resistance in patients with coronary artery disease by bezafibrate». Archives of Internal Medicine. 166 (7): 737–41. PMID 16606809. doi:10.1001/archinte.166.7.737 
  5. Teramoto, T; Shirai, K; Daida, H; Yamada, N (2012). «Effects of bezafibrate on lipid and glucose metabolism in dyslipidemic patients with diabetes: the J-BENEFIT study». Cardiovasc Diabetol. 11 (1): 29. PMC 3342914Acessível livremente. PMID 22439599. doi:10.1186/1475-2840-11-29 
  6. Dumont M, Stack C, Elipenahli C, Jainuddin S, Gerges M, Starkova N, Calingasan NY, Yang L, Tampellini D, Starkov AA, Chan RB, Di Paolo G, Pujol A, Beal MF (2012). «Bezafibrate administration improves behavioral deficits and tau pathology in P301S mice». Human Molecular Genetics. 21 (23): 5091–5105. PMC 3490516Acessível livremente. PMID 22922230. doi:10.1093/hmg/dds355 
  7. «Contraceptive, Cholesterol - lowering drugs used to treat cancer. - Science daily» 

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