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Focinho

Na linguagem popular, o nariz dos animais é denominado "focinho". Contudo, a nomenclatura anatômica adequada é apenas nariz. Ele é um componente da porção condutora do aparelho respiratório dos animais, responsável apenas pela condução do ar, e localiza-se na face. Os ossos que compõe essa estrutura ósseo são: osso nasal, osso incisivo, osso lacrimal, osso zigomático, parte do osso frontal, maxila e palatino.[1]

O nariz é divido em três regiões: nariz externo, cavidade nasal e seios paranasais. O nariz externo é dividido em raiz, dorso e ápice. É na raiz em que se localiza o "focinho" e as narinas, que possibilitam o acesso à cavidade nasal. Externamente, o nariz externo possui cartilagens nasais, que são flexíveis para diminuir a probabilidade de trauma ósseo devido a golpes, que são frequentes devido aos hábitos dos animais. A cavidade nasal é composta também pelas narinas, pelo vestíbulo nasal e coanas. Essa cavidade possui duas funções, uma condutora de ar e uma olfatória, que é responsável pela percepção de substâncias olfatórias.[1]

Cachorra da raça Pinscher lambendo o focinho.

Tegumento Modificado

Os carnívoros e pequenos ruminantes, como cabras e ovelhas, apresentam o nariz externo unido ao lábio superior. Essa característica é denominada plano nasal. Esses animais possuem uma linha no meio que é o filtro, região onde os músculos labiais se unem, permitindo os animais a levantar os lábios e expor os dentes.

Os suínos apresentam um osso, denominado osso rostral, logo abaixo da pele, pois alimentam-se de raízes e para isso utilizam a ponta do nariz como escavadeira. O plano nesses animais é o plano rostral.[2]

Os bovinos não possuem pele separando o nariz e o lábio e, devido a isso, possuem plano nasolabial.[3]

Os equinos possuem todo o nariz revestido por pele, representando o plano cutâneo.[1]

Cartilagens do nariz externo

As cartilagens do nariz externo variam conforme o animal e podem ser: cartilagem nasal lateral dorsal, cartilagem nasal lateral ventral, cartilagem alar (presente apenas em equinos), cartilagem nasal acessória lateral, cartilagem do septo nasal e cartilagem medial acessória (presente apenas em ruminantes) [1].

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Referências

  1. ↑ a b c d DYCE, K.M, Tratado de Anatomia Veterinária, 4ª ed. 2010
  2. ↑ Pecuários, Portugal Junta Nacional dos Produtos (1959). Publicações: Série estudos. [S.l.: s.n.] 252 páginas 
  3. ↑ Zamith, Adiel P. L. (1946). «Lições de osteologia dos animais domésticos». Anais da Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz: 173–270. ISSN 0071-1276. doi:10.1590/S0071-12761946000100011. Consultado em 7 de abril de 2021 

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