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Lei de Autonomia Local do Japão

A Lei de Autonomia Local (地方自治法 Chihō-jichi-hō?), aprovada pela Câmara de Representantes e da Câmara dos Pares em 28 de março de 1947[1] e promulgada como lei No. 67 em 17 de abril de 1947[2][3] é um ato de devolução que estabeleceu a maioria das estruturas contemporâneas do Japão, governo local e divisões administrativas, incluindo prefeituras, municipalidades e outras entidades.

Entidades públicas locais

A classificação de Entidades Públicas Locais (地方公共団体 chihō kōkyō dantai?) chamadas de (LPEs) são:

Os LPEs comuns são os governos locais básicos. A distinção entre LPEs ordinários e especiais é principalmente relevante sob a Constituição do Japão, que concede direitos específicos da LPE em particular, incluindo:

  • Eleições diretas (Artigo 93.2)
  • O direito de legislar (artigo 94)
  • Referendo do cidadão antes da promulgação de qualquer estatuto que afete especificamente o LPE (artigo 95)

Os LPEs especiais não possuem essas autoridades, exceto quando previsto de outra forma. Enquanto wards especiais são consideradas como governo local dentro de Tóquio, outros LPEs especiais são consórcios de LPEs para áreas específicas, como escolas, obras hidráulicas e gerenciamento de resíduos.

Os LPEs são autônomos em muitos aspectos, mas relatam indiretamente ao Ministério dos Assuntos Internos e Comunicações em Tóquio, que monitora as relações entre os LPE, bem como as relações entre os LPE e o governo. O Ministério geralmente aprova todos os LPE especiais inter-prefeitural, enquanto os LPE especiais inter-municipais são aprovados pelos governadores das prefeituras.

Revisão

Em janeiro de 2011, o Ministério dos Assuntos Internos e Comunicações anunciou planos para rever a lei para permitir que o governo nacional investigue as leis dos LPEs por extralegais e colocar ações judiciais contra eles, se eles não corrigirem suas ações.

Ver também

Referências

  1. ↑ National Diet Library, Nihon hōrei sakuin ("Índice de leis e ordenanças japonesas"): História legislativa da lei de autonomia local
  2. ↑ Ministério dos Assuntos Internos e Comunicações, banco de dados e-gov de textos legais: Chihōjichihō Arquivado em 5 de fevereiro de 2005, no Wayback Machine.
  3. ↑ Ministério da Justiça, Sistema de banco de dados de tradução em direito japonês:Lei de Autonomia Local

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