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Maria Francisca de Saboia

Maria Francisca de Saboia
Princesa de Bourbon-Parma
Princesa de Saboia
Maria Francisca de Saboia
Nascimento 26 de dezembro de 1914
  Roma, Itália
Morte 7 de dezembro de 2001 (86 anos)
  Mandelieu, França
Nome completo Maria Francisca Ana Romana
Cônjuge Luís de Bourbon-Parma
Descendência Guy
Rémy
Chantal
Jean
Casa Saboia
Pai Vítor Emanuel III da Itália
Mãe Helena de Montenegro

Maria Francisca Ana Romana de Saboia (em italiano: Maria Francesca Anna Romana; 26 de dezembro de 1914 – 7 de dezembro de 2001) foi a filha mais nova do rei Vítor Emanuel III da Itália e da rainha Helena de Montenegro. Era irmã do rei Humberto II da Itália, da condessa Iolanda de Bergolo, da condessa Mafalda de Hesse e da rainha Joana da Bulgária.[1][2][3][4]

Biografia

Maria Francisca nasceu em Roma, no dia 26 de Dezembro de 1914, poucos meses antes de a Itália entrar na Primeira Guerra Mundial.[5] Era a filha mais nova do rei Vítor Emanuel III de Itália e da sua esposa, a princesa Helena de Montenegro.[1] Conhecida pela sua beleza e timidez, a princesa foi uma das primeiras crianças de classe alta de Itália a usar o cabelo curto, o que ajudou a popularizar este visual no país ao longo da década de 1920.[5]

Durante a sua adolescência, Maria Francisca também revelou um gosto especial por futebol, chegando a estar presente em vários jogos. Antes de se casar, participou com os pais em vários eventos oficiais, principalmente ligados com a educação de crianças, tornando-se madrinha de várias fundações e instituições dedicadas a essa área.[5]

Na década de 1930, surgiram rumores de que Maria Francisca estaria noiva do príncipe Otto da Áustria, herdeiro do extinto Império Austro-Húngaro, no entanto, o casamento nunca aconteceu.[6] A 23 de Janeiro de 1939, Maria Francisca casou-se na Capela Paola do Palácio do Quirinal com o príncipe Luís de Bourbon-Parma, filho do duque Roberto I de Parma e da sua esposa, a infanta Maria Antónia de Bragança, e irmão da imperatriz Zita da Áustria.[4] Juntos, tiveram quatro filhos.[3]

Como represália contra o Golpe de Estado que o seu pai organizou contra Mussolini e o anúncio de um Armistício com os Aliados[7], a 8 de Setembro de 1943, Maria Francisca foi presa e enviada para um campo de concentração Nazi perto de Berlim, à semelhança do que aconteceu com a sua irmã mais velha, Mafalda.[5] Maria Francisca ficou presa até ao final da Segunda Guerra Mundial, uma experiência que a marcou para o resto da vida, principalmente devido à morte da sua irmã Mafalda no campo de concentração de Buchenwald em 1944.[5]

Maria Francisca regressou à Itália, onde viveu até 1946, ano em que, por referendo popular, a monarquia foi extinta. Posteriormente, mudou-se para Mandelieu, na França, onde viveu até à sua morte, aos oitenta-e-sete anos de idade, em 2001. O seu sobrinho-neto, o Vítor Emanuel, Príncipe de Nápoles, pretendente do trono italiano, esteve presente no seu funeral que se realizou a 10 de Dezembro de 2001.[5]

Casamento e descendência

No dia 23 de janeiro de 1939, Maria Francisca casou-se com o príncipe Luís de Bourbon-Parma. Tiveram quatro filhos, todos nascidos em Cannes:[1][2][3][4]

  1. Guy Sixte Luís Roberto Vítor de Bourbon-Parma (7 de agosto de 1940 – 10 de março de 1991), casado com Brigitte Peu-Duvallon; com descendência.
  2. Rémy Francisco de Bourbon-Parma (n. 14 de julho de 1942), casado com Laurence Dufresne d'Arganchy; com descendência.
  3. Chantal Maria de Bourbon-Parma (n. 24 de novembro de 1946), casada com Panagiotis Skinas; com descendência.
  4. João Bernardo Rémy de Bourbon-Parma (n. 15 de outubro de 1961), casado com Virginia Roatta; com descendência.

Morreu em Mandelieu, França, em 2001.[1][2][3][4]

Referências

  1. ↑ a b c d Jirí Louda and Michael MacLagan, Lines of Succession: Heraldry of the Royal Families of Europe, 2nd edition (London, U.K.: Little, Brown and Company, 1999)
  2. ↑ a b c Marcellus Donald R. von Redlich, Pedigrees of Some of the Emperor Charlemagne's Descendants, volume I (1941; reprint, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A.: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2002), página 75
  3. ↑ a b c d C. Arnold McNaughton, The Book of Kings: A Royal Genealogy, in 3 volumes (London, U.K.: Garnstone Press, 1973), volume 1, página 449
  4. ↑ a b c d «Person Page». www.thepeerage.com. Consultado em 5 de julho de 2018 
  5. ↑ a b c d e f «SAVOIA: PRINCIPESSA MARIA, LA PREFERITA DI UMBERTO». www1.adnkronos.com (em italiano). Consultado em 18 de julho de 2018 
  6. ↑ C. Vovk, Justin (2002). Imperial Requiem: Four Royal Women and the Fall of the Age of Empires. EUA: iUniverse. 495 páginas 
  7. ↑ «El Tiempo - Pesquisa de arquivos de notícias Google». news.google.com. Consultado em 18 de julho de 2018 
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