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Rio Neva

Rio Neva
Река Нева
Rio Neva
O rio Neva em São Petersburgo
Comprimento 74 km
Nascente Lago Ladoga
Altitude da nascente 4 m
Caudal médio 2.600 m³/s
Foz Golfo da Finlândia
Área da bacia 282.000 km²
País(es)  Rússia

O rio Neva (em russo: Peка Нева́) é um curso de água no Oblast de Leningrado, na Rússia, e vai desde o lago Ladoga até ao golfo da Finlândia passando pela cidade de São Petersburgo. Apesar do modesto comprimento, é o terceiro maior rio europeu em termos de volume de água (após o Volga e o Danúbio).[1]

Geografia

O comprimento do rio Neva é de 74 km, dos quais 28 km dentro de São Petersburgo e o restante no Óblast de Leningrado. Ele percorre em direção sudoeste desde o lago Ladoga, e o ponto mais ao sul do rio encontra-se perto da confluência com o rio Tosna, depois disso ele dobra em direção noroeste indo pro golfo da Finlândia. A largura média é de cerca 400 - 600 metros, já a largura máxima é 1.200 metros e a mínima é de 200 metros. A profundidade está entre 8 e 24 metros. A bacia hidrográfica do Neva inclui o lago Ladoga e o lago Onega, os dois maiores lagos da Europa, e cobre uma grande área do Noroeste da Rússia e no sul da Finlândia. Sua foz é em delta, dando origem a algumas ilhas. Se encontra congelado entre os meses de dezembro e abril.[2]

História

Durante a Idade Média o largo e navegável rio teve grande importância na ligação entre as regiões do Báltico e do Volga. A confluência do Neva e Ijora foi o local da famosa Batalha do Neva (1240) entre a Suécia e a Rússia. Alexander Yaroslavich, Príncipe de Novgorod, venceu esta contenda e tomou o seu título "Nevsky" (que significa "do Neva") deste acontecimento.[3]

No século XVI a foz do Neva foi o local onde os Suecos construíram a fortaleza Nyen, e também o ilhéu de Shlisselburg. A primeira foi destruída por Pedro, o Grande, que depois fundou a Fortaleza de Pedro e Paulo em 1703. Na ilha Zayachy (Ilha das Lebres), a fortaleza é tida como a primeira estrutura da actual São Petersburgo. Foi também Pedro que mandou construir o canal Ladoga ligado o Neva ao rio Volkhov e ao rio Svir a sul do Ladoga.[4]

Mapa do rio Neva,
com sua a localização no mapa da Europa.
O rio Neva em São Petersburgo, 1753.

Referências

  1. ↑ «Neva River | river, Russia | Britannica». www.britannica.com (em inglês). Consultado em 21 de junho de 2022 
  2. ↑ «Saint Petersburg encyclopaedia». www.encspb.ru. Consultado em 21 de junho de 2022 
  3. ↑ «Battle of the Neva | Russian history | Britannica». www.britannica.com (em inglês). Consultado em 21 de junho de 2022 
  4. ↑ «Nyenschantz Swedish fortress seized by Russian troops». Presidential Library (em inglês). Consultado em 21 de junho de 2022 
Ícone de esboço Este artigo sobre geografia da Rússia é um esboço. Você pode ajudar a Wikipédia expandindo-o.
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