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Solo lunar

Solo laranja encontrado na Apollo 17, resultado de contas de vidro vulcânicos

O solo lunar é a fração fina do regolito encontrado na superfície da Lua.[1] Suas propriedades podem diferir significativamente daquelas do solo terrestre. As propriedades físicas do solo lunar são principalmente o resultado da desintegração mecânica das rochas basáltica e anorthosítica, causadas por impactos meteóricos contínuos e bombardeio por partículas atômicas carregadas de energia solar e interestelar ao longo dos anos. Alguns argumentaram que o termo solo não é correto em referência à Lua porque, na Terra, o solo é definido como tendo conteúdo orgânico, enquanto a Lua não possui. No entanto, o uso padrão entre cientistas lunares ignora essa distinção.[2]

Processos de formação

Os principais processos envolvidos na formação do solo lunar são[3]:

  • Aglutinação: soldagem de fragmentos de minerais e rochas em conjunto com vidro produzido com impacto de micrometeorito;

Esses processos continuam a alterar as propriedades físicas e ópticas do solo ao longo do tempo, e é conhecido como erosão espacial.

Mineralogia e composição

O solo lunar é composto de vários tipos de partículas, incluindo fragmentos de rochas, fragmentos mono-minerais e vários tipos de vidros, incluindo partículas aglutinadas, esférulas vulcânicas e de impacto.[4]

Propriedades

A importância de adquirir conhecimento adequado das propriedades lunares do solo é grande. O potencial para construção de estruturas, redes de transporte terrestre e sistemas de disposição de resíduos, para citar alguns exemplos, dependerá de dados experimentais do mundo real obtidos a partir do teste de amostras de solo lunar. A capacidade de carga do solo é um parâmetro importante no projeto de tais estruturas na Terra.[5]

Oxigênio

As amostras retornadas da superfície lunar contêm 40 a 45% de oxigênio em peso. isso poderia ser extremamente útil para futuros colonos lunares, tanto para respirar quanto para a produção local de combustível de foguete. Para extrair o oxigênio, um sistema de protótipo usa um método chamado eletrólise de sal fundido, envolvendo a colocação de poeira lunar, também chamada regolito, em uma cesta de metal com sal de cloreto de cálcio fundido para servir como eletrólito, aquecido a 950 °C. A esta temperatura, o regolito permanece sólido. A passagem de uma corrente faz com que o oxigênio seja extraído do regolito e migre através do sal para ser coletado em um ânodo e também converte o regolito em ligas metálicas utilizáveis.[6]

Ver também

Referências

  1. ↑ «Lunar Regolith» (PDF) 
  2. ↑ Williams, Matt (28 de maio de 2015). «What is Lunar Regolith?». Universe Today (em inglês). Consultado em 24 de janeiro de 2020 
  3. ↑ «The Lunar Soil» (PDF) 
  4. ↑ Bence, A. E.; Holzwarth, W.; Papike, J. J. (1 de janeiro de 1972). «Petrology of basaltic and monomineralic soil fragments from the Sea of Fertility». Earth and Planetary Science Letters (em inglês). 13 (2): 299–311. ISSN 0012-821X. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(72)90105-7 
  5. ↑ Baydal, G. M.; Sizentzev, G. A.; Sotnikov, B. I.; Shevchenko, V. V. (janeiro de 1995). «Lunar base infrastructure and lunar resources (Lunar cargo using lunar propellant)». JBIS (em inglês). 48 (1): 21–26. ISSN 0007-094X Verifique |issn= (ajuda) 
  6. ↑ «Scientists are making oxygen from moon dust». Tech Explorist (em inglês). 18 de janeiro de 2020. Consultado em 24 de janeiro de 2020 
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