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Takeo Miki

Takeo Miki
Takeo Miki
Takeo Miki
Primeiro-ministro do Japão
Período 9 de dezembro de 1974

até 24 de dezembro de 1976

Antecessor(a) Kakuei Tanaka
Sucessor(a) Takeo Fukuda
Dados pessoais
Nascimento 17 de março de 1907
Morte 4 de novembro de 1988 (81 anos)

Takeo Miki (17 de Março de 1907 — 4 de Novembro de 1988) foi um político do Japão.[1] Ocupou o lugar de primeiro-ministro do Japão de 9 de dezembro de 1974 a 24 de dezembro de 1976.[1][2]

Primeiro-ministro

Miki substituiu Kakuei Tanaka como primeiro-ministro em 9 de dezembro de 1974, após a implicação deste último na corrupção envolvendo empresas imobiliárias e de construção. A atratividade de Miki para os chefes do PLD foi principalmente devido à sua integridade pessoal e sua fraca base de poder de sua pequena facção.

Enquanto Miki estava no funeral do ex-PM Eisaku Sato em 1975, ele foi agredido por um extremista de direita: Hiroyoshi Fudeyasu, o secretário-geral do Partido Patriótico do Grande Japão com dignitários estrangeiros nas proximidades. Isso causou críticas à Polícia Metropolitana de Tóquio por não fazer o suficiente para garantir sua segurança.[3]

Em uma sessão da Dieta de 1976, Miki reafirmou uma ordem anterior do gabinete do primeiro-ministro Satō que remonta a 1967, na qual a porcentagem do PIB nacional alocada para gastos com defesa foi congelada para não exceder 1%. Este tabu político foi quebrado pelo futuro primeiro-ministro Yasuhiro Nakasone na década de 1980, mas foi revivido em 1990 por outro futuro primeiro-ministro, Toshiki Kaifu, que era membro da facção que descendia da facção de Miki. Esta política voltou a receber atenção renovada no Japão moderno à luz das discussões contemporâneas sobre revisão constitucional e, por extensão, a possível expansão das capacidades de defesa do Japão. De qualquer forma, Miki também pressionou a Dieta a ratificar totalmente o Tratado de Não-Proliferação de Armas Nucleares,  e também trabalhou para fortalecer ainda mais as políticas anteriores postas em movimento pelo primeiro-ministro Satō, que praticamente comprometeu o Japão a não se envolver em a exportação de armas para qualquer país.[4][5][6][7][8]

Depois de ser eleito, Miki tentou reformar o PLD, investigando incansavelmente os escândalos de suborno da Lockheed e se recusando a interromper os processos criminais contra seu antecessor. Miki também buscou reformas nas finanças políticas. Essas atividades fizeram dele um grande número de inimigos dentro do partido, e uma campanha literalmente chamada ("Miki oroshi"") foi iniciado por líderes de facções influentes. Apesar da popularidade pessoal de Miki com o público, o escândalo da Lockheed refletiu mal no partido, que perdeu sua maioria geral na eleição de 1976 para a Dieta e teve que fazer acordos com partidos menores para permanecer no poder Como é habitual para os oficiais políticos japoneses após grandes reveses do partido, Miki então renunciou. Ele foi sucedido em 24 de dezembro de 1976, por Takeo Fukuda.[9][10][11]

Ver também

Referências

  1. ↑ a b Japan Echo (em inglês). Tóquio: Japan Echo Incorporated. 1975. p. 5 
  2. ↑ Almanaque Abril. São Paulo: Editora Abril. 1984. p. 576 
  3. ↑ «Attack on Miki, security lapse shock citizens» 
  4. ↑ Marukawa, Tomoo (2013). «Japan's High-Technology Trade with China and Its Export Control». Journal of East Asian Studies. 13 (3). 489 páginas. ISSN 1598-2408. JSTOR 26335260. doi:10.1017/S1598240800008316 
  5. ↑ Samuels, Richard J. (2007). «"New Fighting Power!" Japan's Growing Maritime Capabilities and East Asian Security». International Security. 32 (3): 84–112. ISSN 0162-2889. JSTOR 30130519. doi:10.1162/isec.2008.32.3.84 
  6. ↑ Tamamoto, Masaru (2009). «The Emperor's New Clothes: Can Japan Live without the Bomb?». World Policy Journal. 26 (3). 67 páginas. ISSN 0740-2775. JSTOR 40468657. doi:10.1162/wopj.2009.26.3.63 
  7. ↑ Baerwald, Hans H. (1989). «Japan's House of Councillors Election: A Mini-Revolution?». Asian Survey. 29 (9). 840 páginas. ISSN 0004-4687. JSTOR 2644829. doi:10.2307/2644829 
  8. ↑ Calder, Kent E. (1991). «Japan in 1990: Limits to Change». Asian Survey. 31 (1). 35 páginas. ISSN 0004-4687. JSTOR 2645182. doi:10.2307/2645182 
  9. ↑ Izumikawa, Yasuhiro (2010). «Explaining Japanese Antimilitarism: Normative and Realist Constraints on Japan's Security Policy». International Security. 35 (2). 147 páginas. ISSN 0162-2889. JSTOR 40981245. doi:10.1162/ISEC_a_00020 
  10. ↑ Kato, Junko (1998). «When the Party Breaks Up: Exit and Voice among Japanese Legislators». The American Political Science Review. 92 (4). 864 páginas. ISSN 0003-0554. JSTOR 2586308. doi:10.2307/2586308 
  11. ↑ «Tanaka reshuffles Japanese cabinet». Daytona Beach Morning. Tokyo. AP. 17 de julho de 1974 

Precedido por
Kakuei Tanaka		 Primeiro-ministro do Japão
1974 - 1976		 Sucedido por
Takeo Fukuda
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