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Capilaritate

Capilaritatea apei în comparație cu cea a mercurului, în fiecare caz considerându-se o suprafață polară, precum cea a sticlei

Capilaritatea este capacitatea unui corp poros sau a unui tub de a atrage un lichid, care apare în situațiile în care forțele de adeziune intermoleculară dintre lichid și solid sunt mai puternice decât forțele de coeziune intermoleculare din interiorul lichidului. Capilaritatea poate induce o mișcare ascendentă a apei, contrară celei descendente induse de gravitație. Capilaritatea este un set de fenomene datorate interacțiunilor dintre moleculele de lichid și solid (de exemplu, pereții de la un container) pe suprafața lor de separare. Forțele care apar în acest fenomen sunt tensiunea de coeziune, aderență și de suprafață. De exemplu, se manifestă pe suprafața lichidului în contact cu solide care pot apărea ridicat (în cazul de apă), deoarece forțele de adeziune între apă și recipientul care conține acesta sunt mai mari decât forțele de coeziune dintre moleculele de apă, sau deprimat (în cazul de mercur), decât restul suprafeței, deoarece în acest caz sunt de coeziune obligă să prevaleze în ceea ce privește forțele de adeziune.

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