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Central London Railway

Central London Railway (CLR), cunoscută, de asemenea, ca Twopenny Tube, a fost o linie de metrou deschisă la Londra în anul 1900. 

Societatea de căi ferate a fost înființată în 1889, finanțarea pentru construcția ei fiind obținută în anul 1895 prin intermediul unui sindicat de finanțatori, iar realizarea proiectului a avut loc între anii 1896 și 1900. 

Atunci când a fost deschis, CLR avea 13 stații și o distanță totală de 17,57 km (10,92 mile).

După ce inițial a dat randamente bune pentru investitori, Central London Railway a suferit o scădere a numărului de pasageri ca urmare a creșterii concurenței din partea altor linii de cale ferată subterană și a noi linii de autobuze. În 1913, a fost preluat de către  Underground Electric Railways Company of London (UERL), operatorul care deținea majoritatea căilor ferate subterane din Londra. În 1933 CLR a fost luată în proprietate publică, împreună cu UERL.

Inaugurarea oficială a CLR, făcută de Prințul de Wales, a avut loc în data de 27 iunie 1900, cu o zi înainte de termenul limită stipulat în contractul din 1899, deși linia a fost deschisă pentru public abia la 30 iulie 1900. Aceasta avea următoarele stații:

  • Shepherd's Bush
  • Holland Park
  • Notting Hill Gate
  • Queen's Road (în prezent Queensway)
  • Lancaster Gate
  • Marble Arch
  • Bond Street (deschisă la 24 septembrie 1900)
  • Oxford Circus
  • Tottenham Court Road
  • British Museum (închisă în 1933)
  • Chancery Lane
  • Post Office (în prezent St. Paul's)
  • Bank

CLR a impus o taxă unică de 2 penny pentru o călătorie între oricare două stații, ceea ce a făcut ca Daily Mail să poreclească linia Twopenny Tube („Metroul de 2 penny”), în august 1900. Noua rețea era foarte populară și, până la sfârșitul anului 1900, aceasta transportase 14.916.922 de pasageri. Prin atragerea călătorilor de la rețelele de autobuze de pe traseu și a acelora de la rețelele feroviare mai lente, cu locomotive propulsate cu abur, ale MR (Metropolitan Railway) și DR (District Railway), Central London Railway a atras un număr de aproximativ 45 de milioane de călători anual, în primii ani de funcționare, producând un venit dublu față de costuri. Din 1900 până în 1905, compania a plătit dividende de 4% investitorilor.

Note

Note

Referințe


Bibliografie

  • Badsey-Ellis, Antony (). London's Lost Tube Schemes. Capital Transport. ISBN 1-85414-293-3. 
  • Bruce, J Graeme; Croome, Desmond F () [1996]. The Central Line. Capital Transport. ISBN 1-85414-297-6. 
  • Connor, J E () [1999]. London's Disused Underground Stations. Capital Transport. ISBN 1-85414-250-X. 
  • Day, John R; Reed, John () [1963]. The Story of London's Underground. Capital Transport. ISBN 1-85414-316-6. 
  • Emmerson, Andrew; Beard, Tony (). London's Secret Tubes. Capital Transport. ISBN 1-85414-283-6. 
  • Horne, Mike (). The District Line. Capital Transport. ISBN 1-85414-292-5. 
  • Lee, Charles Edward (mai 1970). Seventy Years of the Central. Westminster: London Transport. ISBN 0-85329-013-X. 570/1111/RP/5M. 
  • Rose, Douglas () [1980]. The London Underground, A Diagrammatic History. Douglas Rose/Capital Transport. ISBN 1-85414-219-4. 
  • Wolmar, Christian () [2004]. The Subterranean Railway: How the London Underground Was Built and How It Changed the City Forever. Atlantic Books. ISBN 1-84354-023-1. 

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