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Eshnunna

Eshnunna
 – 
CapitalăEshnunna
Guvernare
Conducător 
Urguedinna (primul)
Silli-Sin (ultimul)
Istorie
Epoca istoricăEpoca bronzului
În prezent parte din
Irak, regiunea Ba'kuba
Amploarea influenței Eshnunnei c. 1764 î.Hr. (în albastru deschis).

Eshnunna, cunoscut uneori și ca Tuplias (în zilele noastre - situl Tell Asmar din guvernatoratul Diyala în Irak) a fost un oraș-stat în centrul Mesopotamiei, în Sumerul antic (mai târziu akkadian) Se află în Valea Diyala, la nord-vest de Sumerul propriu-zis. Primul monarh cunoscut al acestui oraș a fost Urguedinna. Zeitatea tutelară a orașului era Tishpak, dar cunostea si cultele altor zei precum Sin, Adad,și Inanna din Kititum, Abu. Conducătorii mai aveau si zeițe protectoare proprii - Belet-Shuhnir si Belet-Terraban.

Conducători

Nu se cunosc numele conducătorilor din perioada Dinastiei timpurii și ai guvernatorilor din timpul Imperiului Akkadian. Eshnunna a fost guvernată,un timp, de dinastia a III-a din Ur, apoi a fost independentă vreme de mai multe veacuri, și, în cele din urmă, după cucerirea ei de către Hammurabi, a avut guvernatori vasali sub stăpânirea Babilonului. Nu se mai cunosc conducători locali după aceea, deși orașul a supraviețuit cel puțin până în Secolul al XII-lea î.Hr..[1]

Conducător Perioada de domnnie Observații
Urguedinna ~2247 î.Hr[2] guvernator sub regele Shulgi din a Treia Dinastie a Urului
Bamu guvernator sub regele Shulgi din Ur[3]
Kallamu guvernator sub Shulgi din Ur
Lugal-Kuzu guvernator sub Shulgi din Ur[4]
Ituria guvernator sub Shu-Sin din Ur, cunoscut numai din dedicația Templului Shu Sin
DŠuiliya sec.XXI î.Hr - 2026 î.Hr a fost zeificat
Nūraḫum Contemporan al lui Ishbi-Erra din Isin și al lui Ibbi-Sin of Ur
Kirikiri
Bilalama c.1980 î.Hr fiul lui Kirikiri, fiica ME-ku-bi s-a măritat cu Tan-Ruhuratir al Elamului
Isharramashu
Uṣurawassu
Azuzum
Urninmarki
Urningišzida
Ipiq-Adad I Contemporan al lui Abdi-Erah din Tutub și al lui Sumu-abum din Babilon
Belakum
Sarrija
Warassa
Ibal-pi-El I c. 1860 î.Hr se menționează că a construit un tron "încrustat în aur și în perle Meluhha"
DIpiq-Adad II a domnit cel puțin 36 ani. În al patrulea an de domnie i-a infrânt pe elamiți.Primul conducător care s-a intitulat rege. Zeificat
DNaram-Sin din Eshnunna c.1810 î.Hr Fiul lui Ipiq-Adad al II-lea , contemporan al lui Shamshi-Adad I, Zeificat
Dannum-tāhaz
Dadusha c.1780 î.Hr. Fiul lui Ipiq-Adad al II-lea, contemporan al lui Shamshi-Adad I[5]:[1]
Ibal-pi-El al II-lea c.1770 î.Hr. fiul lui Dadusha, contemporan al lui Zimri-Lim (c. 1775–1761 BC) din Mari, ucis de Siwe-Palar-Khuppak regele Elamului care a cucerit Eshnunna; în al cincilea an de domnie a murit Shamshi-Adad I dies
Silli-Sin c.1766 î.Hr Tratat cu Hammurabi (c. 1792 – c. 1750 î.Hr),în al patrulea an de domnie a luat de soție o fiică a lui Hammurabi[6]
Iluni vasal regelui din Babylon, contemporan al lui Samsu-iluna

Legături externe

Note

  1. ^ Maria de Jong Ellis, "Notes on the Chronology of the Later Eshnunna Dynasty", Journal of Cuneiform Studies, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 61–85, 1985
  2. ^ Richard Martin Discoveries in Anatolia, 1930-31
  3. ^ Piotr Michalowski- "Cap 6. The Royal Letters in Their Historical Setting 2: Great Walls, Amorites, and Military History: The Puzur-Šulgi and Šarrum-bani Correspondence (Letters 13–14 and 19–20)". The Correspondence of the Kings of Ur: An Epistolary History of an Ancient Mesopotamian Kingdom, University Park, USA: Penn State University Press, 2021, pp. 122-16
  4. ^ Allred, Lance. "The Tenure of Provincial Governors: Some Observations". From the 21st Century B.C. to the 21st Century A.D.: Proceedings of the International Conference on Neo-Sumerian Studies Held in Madrid, 22–24 July 2010, edited by Steven J. Garfinkle and Manuel Molina, University Park, USA: Penn State University Press, 2021, pp. 115-124
  5. ^ Igal Bloch - "The Conquest Eponyms of Šamšī-Adad I and the Kaneš Eponym List." Journal of Near-lea Eastern Studies, vol. 73, no. 2, 2014, pp. 191–210
  6. ^ Matthew Rutz, și Piotr Michalowski. "The Flooding of Ešnunna, the Fall of Mari: Hammurabi’s Deeds in Babylonian Literature and History." Journal of Cuneiform Studies, vol. 68, 2016, pp. 15–43

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