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Novă

Nova în timpul şi după explozie

Nova este o explozie a unei stele care face ca steaua respectivă să devină mai strălucitoare apoi să revină la forma inițială.

Novele fac parte din sisteme binare, sau duble, care se numesc variabile cataclismice . Mai demult astronomii foloseau termenul de nova (în latină nova, plural novae – nouă, noi) pentru a descrie toate corpurile cerești care deveneau brusc vizibile cu ochiul liber. Astăzi, astronomii pot să deosebească novele de supernove (asemenea novelor dar care își schimba forma inițială) cu o tehnologie numită spectroscopie.

O explozie nova este produsă în interacțiunea a două stele care sunt foarte apropiate una de cealaltă. Forța gravitațională a unei stele atrage atmosfera altei stele în propria atmosferă. Când atmosfera devine destul de densă, explodează, strălucirea fiind vizibilă cu ochiul liber. Apoi, stelele revin la forma lor inițială, relativ neschimbată. Timpul necesar unei nove pentru a ajunge la maximul de strălucire iar apoi pentru a reveni la forma inițială este variabil. Există nove rapide care ajung la maximul de strălucire în câteva zile păstrându-și strălucirea de la câteva ore la o săptămână și nove lente (de obicei cele mai strălucitoare) care strălucesc luni de zile sau chiar ani.

Exemple de nove

ani Nova Maximum de stralucire
1891 T Aurigae 3.8 mag
1898 V1059 Sagittarii 4.5 mag
1899 V606 Aquilae 5.5 mag
1901 GK Persei 0.2 mag
1903 Nova Geminorum 1903 6 mag
1905 Nova Aquilae 1905 7.3 mag
1910 Nova Lacertae 1910 4.6 mag
1912 Nova Geminorum 1912 3.5 mag
1918 V603 Aquilae −1.8 mag
1919 Nova Lyrae 1919 7.4 mag
1919 Nova Ophiuchi 1919 7.4 mag
1920 Nova Cygni 1920 2.0 mag
1925 RR Pictoris 1.2 mag
1934 DQ Herculis 1.4 mag
1936 CP Lacertae 2.1 mag
1939 BT Monoceretis 4.5 mag
1942 CP Puppis 0.3 mag
1943 Nova Aquilae 1943 6.1 mag
1950 DK Lacertae 5.0 mag
1960 V446 Herculis 2.8 mag
1963 V533 Herculis 3 mag
1970 FH Serpentis 4 mag
1975 V1500 Cygni 2.0 mag
1975 V373 Scuti 6 mag
1976 NQ Vulpeculae 6 mag
1978 V1668 Cygni 6 mag
1984 QU Vulpeculae 5.2 mag
1986 V842 Centauri 4.6 mag
1991 V838 Herculis 5.0 mag
1992 V1974 Cygni 4.2 mag
1999 V1494 Aquilae 5.03 mag
1999 V382 Velorum 2.6 mag
2006 RS Ophiuchi 4,5 mag
2007 V1280 Scorpii[1] 3,9 mag
2013 V339 Delphini
(Nova Delphini 2013)
4,5 mag

Nove recurente

O pitică albă poate produce nove în mai multe rânduri, atâta timp cât hidrogenul adițional provenind de la steaua sa companion continuă să se acumuleze la suprafața sa.

Un exemplu este RS Ophiuchi, la care se cunosc șase erupții (în 1898, 1933, 1958, 1967, 1985 și în 2006).

Totuși, mai devreme sau mai târziu, steaua companion își va epuiza materia sau pitica albă va suferi o novă atât de puternică încât va fi complet distrusă de acest proces.

Fenomenul este un pic asemănător cu o supernovă de tip I; totuși, în general supernovele implică procese diferite și energii mult mai înalte și nu ar trebui confundate cu novele obișnuite.

Câteva nove recurente:

Note

  1. ^ „AAVSO : American Association of Variable Star Observers”. Arhivat din original la . Accesat în . 

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