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Poloțk

Poloțk
Полацк
'По́лацк
—  Oraș  —

Drapel
Drapel		Stemă
Stemă
Poloțk se află în Belarus
Poloțk
Poloțk
Poloțk (Belarus)
Poziția geografică
Coordonate: 55°29′N 28°48′E ({{PAGENAME}}) / 55.483°N 28.800°E
ȚarăBelarus Belarus
RegiuneaVitebsk
Atestare Modificați la Wikidata
Suprafață
 - Total36,74 km²
Altitudine[2]126 m.d.m.
Populație (2009[1])
 - Total82.547 locuitori
Fus orarUTC+3
Cod poștal211291
Prefix telefonic214
Localități înfrățite
 - Jonava[*][[Jonava (city in Kaunas County, Lithuania)|​]]Lituania
 - FriedrichshafenGermania
 - Ludza[*][[Ludza (city in Latvia)|​]]Letonia
 - Ludzas novads[*][[Ludzas novads (municipality of Latvia between 2009 and 2021)|​]]Letonia
 - TosnoRusia
 - TrakaiLituania
 - ElektrostalRusia
 - KurskRusia
Prezență online
site web oficial Modificați la Wikidata
GeoNames Modificați la Wikidata
OpenStreetMap relation Modificați la Wikidata
Poziția localității Poloțk
Poziția localității Poloțk
Poziția localității Poloțk
Modifică date / text Consultați documentația formatului

Poloțk[3][4][5][6] (în bielorusă: По́лацк, Polațk; în rusă: Полоцк, în lituaniană, Polockas, în poloneză Połock) este un oraș istoric din Belarus, fost membru al Ligii Hanseatice, situat pe râul Dvina de Vest. Este centrul districtului Poloțk din Regiunea Vitebsk. Populația actuală a orașului este de 82.547 locuitori (2009). Aeroportul omonim, respectiv baza aeriană Borovițîi, i-au slujit în timpul Războiului Rece.

Istoric

Numele Polotesk provine din limba slavă veche de est, fiind derivat din numele râului Polota, care este un afluent al fluviului Daugava care trece prin apropierea orașului. Numele utilizat de vikingi pentru denumirea orașului era de Palteskja ori Paltejsborg.

Polotsk este unul dintre cele mai vechi orașe ale slavilor estici. A fost prima dată menționat de Cronica primară în 862 (ca Полотескъ, /poloteskŭ/), împreună cu Murom și Beloozero. Saga norvegiană descrie orașul ca cel mai fortificat dintre toate cele ale Rusiei kieviene.

Imagine a oraşului Polotsk din 1912, fotografiat de Serghei Prokudin-Gorski.

Moștenire culturală

Regele Ștefan Báthory a înființat aici un colegiu iezuit și l-a numit în funcția de rector pe Piotr Skarga, devenit ulterior rector al Universității din Vilnius.

În 1629, aici s-a născut Simeon Poloțki.

Ivan cel Groaznic a ocupat orașul în 1653, eveniment care a marcat începutul declinului localității.

Referințe

  1. ^ Belarus- City Population - Cities, Towns & Provinces - Statistics & Map
  2. ^ GeoNames, accesat în  
  3. ^ Occidental spelling according to the Belarus Permanent Mission to the United Nations.
  4. ^ „Occidental spelling according to the official Belarus website”. Arhivat din original la . Accesat în . 
  5. ^ Occidental spelling according to "Nations Online" website.
  6. ^ Spelling according to Google Maps.

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