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Экклезиология

Экклезиоло́гия (экклисиоло́гия) (от греч. ἐκκλησία — церковь и λόγος — слово) — отрасль христианского богословия, изучающая природу, свойства и устройство Церкви как раздел догматического богословия и как элемент богословия тех или иных отцов Церкви.

В Священном Писании Нового Завета содержится ряд образов, раскрывающих христианское понимание Церкви и её роли:

В святоотеческих книгах встречается представление о Церкви как о корабле, переплывающем житейское море.

В христианской экклезиологии сочетаются 2 аспекта: мистический и канонический.

Учение о Церкви, как одно из важнейших, нашло отражение в Никео-Цареградском символе веры.

С точки зрения православной экклезиологии, любое отклонение, как от определённого Вселенскими соборами вероучения Церкви (ересь), так и от богоучреждённой иерархии священства Церкви (раскол), а также самоустранение на продолжительное время (без уважительных причин) от частого причащения Тела и Крови Христовых неминуемо ведёт к разрыву с Церковью. Этот разрыв констатируется Церковью в анафематствовании, то есть заявлении о невозможности для Церкви нести далее ответственность за того или иного еретика, раскольника или упорствующего грешника в своём уклонении от Церкви.

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