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Пещеры Велебита

Пещерная система Лукина яма — Трояма. Схема 3D-сечения системы.

Пещеры Велебита (англ. Velebit caves) — ряд глубоких карстовых пещер в горном массиве Велебит, Хорватия.

Лукина яма — пещера глубиной в 1431 метр, самая глубокая пещера в Хорватии, 16-я по глубине пещера в мире и самая глубокая пещера в Юго-Восточной Европе[1]. На дне пещеры, в подземных озёрах и ручьях, обитает крупнейшая известная колония подземных пиявок Erpobdella mestrovi[англ.], которые, как было установлено, являются представителями нового вида, рода и семейства[1]. К другим видам, которые были обнаружены в пещере, относятся сухопутные улитки Zospeum tholussum[2]. В пещерах хребта Велебит в Хорватии водятся странные пиявки Croatobranchus mestrovi[хорв.]. Они населяют озёра с ледяной водой на дне самых глубоких шахт. По бокам тел пиявок расположены выросты, напоминающие ноги, а ротовые отверстия окружают щупальца. Точно неизвестно, что они едят, поскольку, кроме пиявок, в ледяных озёрах никто не живёт.[3] Ещё в пещерах Велебита обнаружены комары-звонцы Troglocladius hajdi.

К другим примечательным пещерам относятся Недам (-1335 м), Словацка яма (-1320 м), Пещерная система Велебита (-1026 м), Медуза (-679 м). Все перечисленные пещеры находятся в национальном парке «Северный Велебит». В пещерах Велебита имеется ряд чрезвычайно глубоких (более 500 м) колодцев, в том числе третий в мире колодец Patkov Gušt с глубиной 553 м свободного падения, названный в честь скончавшегося хорватского спелеолога[4].

См. также

Примечания

  1. ↑ 1 2 Радован Радовинович, хорватский туристический гид Адриатики, ПГ. 143, Загребе (1999), ISBN 953-178-097-8
  2. ↑ Alexander M. Weigand. New Zospeum species (Gastropoda, Ellobioidea, Carychiidae) from 980 m depth in the Lukina jama–Trojama cave system (Velebit Mts., Croatia) (англ.) // Subterranean Biology : journal. — 2013. — Vol. 11. — P. 45—53. — doi:10.3897/subtbiol.11.5966. Архивировано 10 июня 2014 года.
  3. ↑ 10 троглобионтов - необычных обитателей пещер. Популярная механика. Дата обращения: 31 октября 2019. Архивировано 31 октября 2019 года.
  4. ↑ The Worlds Great Vertical Pits Архивная копия от 8 июля 2011 на Wayback Machine, list by Bob Gulden.

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