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Ajutaja

Ajutaja
අනුරාධපුරය
Stari samostan Vat Jai Čai Mongkon ispred modernog grada
Stari samostan Vat Jai Čai Mongkon ispred modernog grada
Stari samostan Vat Jai Čai Mongkon ispred modernog grada
Službeni pečat Ajutaje
Pečat
Nadimak: Venecija istoka
Koordinate: 14°21′N 100°35′E / 14.350°N 100.583°E / 14.350; 100.583
Država  Tajland
Provincija Ajutaja (provincija)
Vlast
 - Gradonačelnik Somsong Sappakosonlakul
Površina
 - Ukupna 14.84 km²
Stanovništvo (2006.)
 - Grad 54.888
 - Gustoća 3.698,7/km²
Vremenska zona TST (UTC+7)
Službene stranice
www.ayutthayacity.go.th

Ajutaja (tajlandski: พระนครศรีอยุธยา), punog imena Fra Nakhon Si Ajutaja, je glavni grad istoimene provincije u centralnom području Tajlanda. Nalazi se na otoku na spoju tri rijeke: Čao Praja, Pasak i Lopburi, 70 kilometara sjevernije od Bangkoka[1].

Ime grada potječe od naziva indijskog grada Ayodhya, rodnog mjesta Rame po epu Ramajana (tajl. Ramakien). Ostali dijelovi službenog imena su titularni epiteti: fra znači "plemeniti" ili "kraljevski", nakhon znači "važni" ili "glavni", a sri na indijskom znači "sveti".

Ajutaja 1660. god.

Historija

U 14. stoljeću Ajutaja se nalazila blizu obale tajlandskog zaljeva, a riječni nanosi su zatrpavali morsku obalu koja je danas podosta udaljena. Tu je kralj Ramathibodi I. 1350. godine osnovao Ajutaju, koja je postala prijestolnicom istoimenog tajlandskog kraljevstva. U njoj je kraljevalo 33 kralja, uključujući neobičnog sijamskog kralja Rama IV. koji je vladao od 1851.-68. godine.

Ajutaja je oko 1700. godine bila metropola Jugoistočne Azije s oko milijun stanovnika[2]. Burmanska vojska je uništila ovaj grad 1767. godine i njegovi ostaci s velikim prangovima (tornjevi relikvija) i raskošnim samostanima, su upisani na UNESCO-v popis mjesta svjetske baštine u Aziji i Oceaniji 1991. god.[3].

Grad je počela istraživati Tajlandska likovna akademija 1956. godine, a "Povijesni park Ajutaje" je osnovan 1976. godine.

Znamenitosti

Karta stare Ajutaje
Povijesni grad Ajutaja
Svjetska baštinaUNESCO
 Tajland
Registriran:1991. (15. zasjedanje)
Vrsta:Kulturno dobro
Mjerilo:iii
Ugroženost:no
Referenca:UNESCO

Grad je podijeljen zavojem rijeke Čao Praja na čijem se otoku nalazi Stari grad, kanalom odvojen od Pa Saka na istoku i Klong Muanga na sjeveru. Od starih građevina najvažnije su:

  • Vat Fanan Čoeng (วัดพนัญเชิงวรวิหาร) iz 14. st. ima unutra jednu od najvećih skulptura Bude na svijetu
  • Vat Futai Savan (วัดพุทไธศวรรย์) je u 14. st. bio privremena rezidencija Ramathibodija I.
  • Vang Luang (วังหลวง, "Stara palača") je bila rezidencijom tajlandskih kraljeva
  • Vat Na Fra Men (วัดหน้าพระเมรุราชิการาม, "Hram kremiranja") je hram iz 13. stoljeća na suprotnoj obali rijeke Lopburi, a obnovljen je u 15. i 17. stoljeću. U njoj se nalazi 5.20 m visoka zlatna skulptura sjedećeg Bude.
  • Vat Jai Čai Mongkon (วัดใหญ่ชัยมงคล)) iz 1357. godine ima 80 m visok chedi
  • Ispred hrama Vat Lokaja Sutharama nalazi se 42 m duga skulptura Bude isklesana iz mjesnog monolita
  • Vat Mahathat (วัด มหาธาตุ พระนครศรีอยุธยา, "Hram velike i presvete relikvije") je izgrađen 1374. godine kada je vladao kralj Boroma Radschathirat I.
  • Vat Fu Khao Tong (วัด ภูเขาทอง, "Hram zlatne planine") je hram okji je 1387. godine izgradio kralj Ramesuan, a 80 m visok chedi (stupa) dao je izgraditi burmanski kralj Bayinnaung 1569. godine.
  • Vat Ratčaburana (วัด ราช บุรณะ พระนครศรีอยุธยา) je hram koji je dao izgraditi Borommaracha II. (v. 1424.-48.) s kriptom u kojoj su pronađeni mnoggi predmeti od zlata, između ostalog "klečeči slon" koji se danas nalazi u Nacionalnom muzeju Chao Sam Phraya.
  • Vat Fra Si Sanfet (วัดพระศรีสรรเพชญ) je budistički hram iz 15. stoljeća s visokim prangovima koji je ime dobio po 16 m visokoj pozlaćenoj skulpturi Bude
  • Palača Čandra Kasem (พระราชวัง จันทร เกษม, "Palača sretnog mjeseca") iz 1577. godine je izgrađena za vladavine kralja Maha Thammaracha za njegovog sina Naresuana Velikog
  • Vat Čai Vathanaram (วัดไชยวัฒนาราม, "Hram duge i slavne ere") je budistički hram koji je izgradio kralj Prasat Thong 1630. godine. On ima središnju platformu s po četiri manja pranga, okruženu s osam chedi kapela i zidom sa 120 sjedećih Buda, oslikanih crnom i zlatnom bojom.
  • Vat Fra Ram (วัดพระราม, "Hram svetog Rama", slika desno), osnovam 1369. godine, obnovljen je za kralja Borommakot od 1741.-42. god.
  • Vat Suvan Dararam (วัดสุวรรณดารารามราชวรวิหาร) je stariji hram koji je obnovljen kada je vladao kralj Puttha Yotfa Chulaloke (1782.-1809.).

Izvori

  1. Derick Garnier, Ayutthaya: Venice of the East, 2004., River books. ISBN 974-8225-60-7.
  2. George Modelski, World Cities: –3000 to 2000, Washington DC: FAROS 2003. ISBN 978-0-9676230-1-6.
  3. Povijesni grad Ajutaja na UNESCO-vim stranicama (en) Preuzeto 28. lipnja 2011.

Vanjske veze

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