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Neva


Koordinate: 59° 48' 27" SG Š, 30° 36' 15" IGD

Neva
Нева́
Lokacija
Države Rusija
Hidrografija
Izvor
  – aps. visina		jezero Ladoga
4 m
UšćeFinski zaljev
Dužina74 km
Hidrologija
Protok
  – srednji
2.600 m³/s
Sliv
  – površina
282.000 km²
Karta

Sliv reke Neve

Neva (rus. Nevá) je reka u severozapadnom delu Rusije. Ističe iz jezera Ladoga i preko Sankt Peterburga se uliva u Finski zaljev (Baltičko more). Uprkos svojoj osrednjoj dužini, po protoku (količini vode) Neva je treća reka u Evropi (veće su samo Volga i Dunav).

Lev Lagorio: Mesečina nad Nevom (1898)

Geografija

Neva je dugačka 74 km. Od toga 28 km prolazi kroz teritoriju grada Sankt Peterburga, dok ostalim delom reka teče kroz Lenjingradsku oblast. Od svog izvora, jezera Ladoga, Neva teče jugozapadno, potom dostiže svoju najjužniju tačku u blizini mesta gde se rekom Tosna uliva u nju, i onda menja pravac i teče ka severoistoku do Finskog zaljeva. Prosečna širina reke se kreće između 400 i 600 metara, a maksimalna širina dostiže 1.200 m. Prosečna dubina se kreće od 8 do 11 metara, a maksimalna iznosi 24 m. U basen reke Neve spadaju i jezero Ladoga i jezero Onjega, dva najveća jezera u Evropi. Basen reke Neva se prostire i van granica Rusije tako da njemu pripada i južni deo Finske.

Delta Neve

U delti reke Neve se nalaze brojna prirodna ostrva koja su razdeljena rukavcima reke i kanalima. Ova ostrva su istorijski deo grada Sankt Peterburg. Krajem XIX veka delta Neve se sastojala od 48 rukavaca i kanala, koji su obrazovali 101 ostrvo. U XX veku, usled zatrpavanja kanala i rukavaca rečnim nanosima, broj ostrva je značajno opao (ispod 42) Najveći rukavci su:

Najvažniji kanali su:

Najpoznatija ostrva su:

Pritoke

U reku Nevu se uliva 26 reka i rečica. Glavne pritoke su:

Gradovi na obali reke

Istorija

U srednjem veku reka je bila deo trgovačkog puta velikog značaja povezujuću Baltičko more sa Volgom, a preko nje i sa Sredozemnim morem. Neva je bila poprište Bitke na Nevi (1240). Aleksandar Nevski, vladar Novgoroda je pobedio u toj bici spasavši rusiju od invazije i dobivši titulu Nevski.

Reka Neva u Sankt Peterburgu, 1753. godine

Plovidba

Neva je najseverniji deo plovnog puta Volga-Baltik, spoj između reke Volga i Baltičkog mora. Ovaj vodeni put je plovan, čak i za veoma velike brodove, i predstavlja važnu saobraćajnicu između Sankt Peterburga i Moskve.

Mostovi na Nevi

  • Most Aleksandra Nevskog (rus. Most Aleksandra Nevskogo)
  • Boljšoj Obuhovskij most (rus. Bolʹšoj Obuhovskij most (Vantovyj most))
  • Volodarskij most (rus. Volodarskij most)
  • Dvorcovij most (rus. Dvorcovyj most )
  • Most Lejtenanta Šmidta (rus. Most Lejtenanta Šmidta)
  • Litejnij most (rus. Litejnyj most)
  • Most Petra Velikog (rus. Most Petra Velikogo)
  • Troickij most (rus. Troickij most)
  • Finski (Finljandskij) most (rus. Finlândskij most)

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