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Jizya

A jizya document from 17th century Ottoman Empire.

Jizya or jizyah was a tax imposed upon dhimmi, non-Muslim residents in Muslim countries, as in the Ottoman Empire. Jews and Christians were required to pay the jizya.[1][2][3][4][5]

References

  1. ↑ Michael Bonner (2008). Jihad in Islamic History. Princeton University Press. pp. 89–90. ISBN 978-1400827381. To begin with, there was no forced conversion, no choice between "Islam and the Sword". Islamic law, following a clear Quranic principle (2:256), prohibited any such things [...] although there have been instances of forced conversion in Islamic history, these have been exceptional.
  2. ↑ Waines (2003) "An Introduction to Islam" Cambridge University Press. p. 53
  3. ↑ Winter, T. J., & Williams, J. A. (2002). Understanding Islam and the Muslims: The Muslim Family Islam and World Peace. Louisville, Kentucky: Fons Vitae. p. 82. ISBN 978-1-887752-47-3. Quote: The laws of Muslim warfare forbid any forced conversions, and regard them as invalid if they occur.
  4. ↑ Ira M. Lapidus. Islamic Societies to the Nineteenth Century: A Global History. p. 345.
  5. ↑ "Islam". Encyclopedia Britannica. New York. 17 August 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2022.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
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