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Belo morje

Belo morje
Belo morje

Vrsta	morje
Države porečja	Rusija

Površina	90.000 km²
Povp. globina	60 m
Maks. globina	340 m

Viri	^[1]^[2]

Belo morje (rusko Белое море, latinizirano: Béloje móre; karelsko Vienanmeri, finsko Vienanmeri; nenetsko Сэрако ямʼ, Serako jam) je zaliv Barentsovega morja, ki se zajeda v celino med polotokoma Kola in Kanin na skrajnem severozahodu Rusije. Je močno razčlenjeno, tvorijo ga Kandalakšski, Oneški, Dvinski in Mezenski zaliv, na severovzhodu pa je prek ozkega preliva Gorlo (Горло – »grlo«) povezano z Barentskovim morjem.^[1]^[2] Meja med njima po definiciji Mednarodne hidrografske organizacije poteka po črti med rtoma Svjatoj nos na polotoku Kola (68°9′27″N 39°44′37″E / 68.15750°N 39.74361°E / 68.15750; 39.74361) in rtom Kanin na polotoku Kanin.^[3]

Površina meri približno 90.000 km². Tudi dno je močno razčlenjeno, posledica prelomov na vzhodnem robu Baltskega ščita. Glavna kotanja, kjer znaša največja globina 340 m, je zamejena s 40 m globokim pragom, zato ne prihaja do mešanja globokomorskih voda med Belim in Barentsovim morjem. Ob zahodnih obalah prevladujejo pečine, vzhodne pa so položne in peščene, na tem delu je tudi Belo morje plitvo.^[1]^[2]

Podnebje

Belo morje je najbolj izoliran del Arktičnega oceana in edini, ki skoraj v celoti leži južno od severnega tečajnika. Kljub temu je podnebje mrzlo, s povprečnimi zimskimi temperaturami okrog -15 ºC in poletnimi okrog 10 ºC. Okrog polotoka Kola teče razmeroma topel Severnoatlantski tok, zato so ob izlivu v Barentsovo morje temperature nekoliko višje od tistih bolj južno.^[1]

Raba

Morje je bogato z ribami, a je ribištvo razmeroma slabo razvito, saj je gladina večjega dela redno prekrita z ledom. Večji gospodarski pomen kot ribištvo ima izkoriščanje bogatih naravnih virov obalnih regij. Od 15. do 18. stoletja je bilo najpomembnejša trgovska pot med Rusijo in Zahodom ter med evropskim delom Rusije in ruskim Daljnim vzhodom. Glavna pristanišča so Arhangelsk, Onega, Belomorsk in Kandalakša. V začetku 20. stoletja je promet oživil belomorsko-baltski prekop, ki je povezal Belo morje z omrežjem združenih globokovodnih poti Evropske Rusije (njegovo ustje je pri kraju Belomorsk). Pozimi vzdržujejo plovne poti z ledolomilci.^[1]^[2]

Sklici

↑ ^1,0 ^1,1 ^1,2 ^1,3 ^1,4 »Белое море«. Большая российская энциклопедия [Velika ruska enciklopedija] (v ruščini). Arhivirano iz prvotnega spletišča dne 5. junija 2021. Pridobljeno 24. marca 2021.
↑ ^2,0 ^2,1 ^2,2 ^2,3 »White Sea«. Britannica online. Pridobljeno 24. marca 2021.
↑ Limits of Oceans and Seas (3. izd.). Mednarodna hidrografska organizacija. 1953. p. 8. https://iho.int/uploads/user/pubs/standards/s-23/S-23_Ed3_1953_EN.pdf.

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