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Kanisa

Mozaiki ya ujio wa Roho Mtakatifu, Kanisa kuu la Saint Louis, Marekani. Pentekoste inahesabiwa kuwa siku ya Kanisa la Kikristo kuzaliwa kwa ajili ya mataifa yote.


Kanisa maana yake ya kwanza kabisa ni "mkusanyiko wa waamini" kama ule wa Waisraeli chini ya Musa kwenye mlima Sinai walipopewa Amri za Mungu.

Neno hilohilo lilitumiwa na Wakristo wa kwanza kwa ajili yao wenyewe kusema wameshika nafasi ya Israeli kama taifa la Mungu hata wasipokuwa Wayahudi bali watu wa mataifa mengine.

Jina hilo lilitumika kwa jumuia mama ya Yerusalemu, kwa kila mojawapo ya jumuia za Kikristo zilizotokana na umisionari wa wafuasi wa Yesu Kristo, na kwa umoja wao wa kimataifa uliotazamwa na Mtume Paulo kuwa Mwili wa Kristo, ukiwa na Yesu kama kichwa chake. Ndiye anayesadikiwa kuwa chemchemi ya ukombozi wa wanadamu wote pale alipolifia Kanisa na kuliachia sakramenti kuu ya Pasaka (ekaristi takatifu).

Kanisa ni “Mkusanyiko” maana ndani yake Roho Mtakatifu anaunganisha na Yesu na kati yao wale waliopokea Neno la Mungu na sakramenti zake. “Bwana alilizidisha Kanisa kila siku kwa wale waliokuwa wakiokolewa… Na jamii ya watu walioamini walikuwa na moyo mmoja na roho moja” (Mdo 2:47; 4:32). Ndio tokeo la ombi la Yesu: “Wote wawe na umoja; kama wewe, Baba, ulivyo ndani yangu, nami ndani yako, hao nao wawe ndani yetu, ili ulimwengu upate kusadiki ya kwamba wewe ndiwe uliyenituma” (Yoh 17:21). Kumbe utitiri wa madhehebu yaliyotenganika unaleta picha ya “mtawanyiko” ambayo inakwaza ulimwengu usisadiki. “Kila mtu wa kwenu husema, ‘Mimi ni wa Paulo’, na, ‘Mimi ni wa Apolo’, na, ‘Mimi ni wa Kefa’, na, ‘Mimi ni wa Kristo’. Je, Kristo amegawanyika?” (1Kor 1:12-13).

Kwa imani hiyo, Kanisa si kundi la binadamu tu, tunaloweza kulianzisha kama vile chama, timu n.k. Kanisa ni fumbo la Mwili wa Kristo unaohuishwa na Roho Mtakatifu. Kama Yesu linaonekana upande wa ubinadamu tu, kumbe linaunganisha utu na Umungu. Baba “alivitia vitu vyote chini ya miguu yake, akamweka awe kichwa juu ya vitu vyote kwa ajili ya Kanisa, ambalo ndilo mwili wake, ukamilifu wake anayekamilika kwa vyote katika vyote” (Ef 1:22-23).

Hivyo hatuwezi kuambatana na Yesu kwa kulikataa Kanisa, kwa kuwa hao wawili ni mwili mmoja, kama Bwanaarusi na Bibiarusi. “Hamkusoma ya kwamba yeye aliyewaumba mwanzo, aliwaumba mtu mume na mtu mke, akasema, ‘Kwa sababu hiyo, mtu atamwacha babaye na mamaye, ataambatana na mkewe, na hao wawili watakuwa mwili mmoja’? Hata wamekuwa si wawili tena, bali mwili mmoja. Basi aliowaunganisha Mungu, mwanadamu asiwatenganishe” (Math 19:4-6). “Siri hiyo ni kubwa; ila mimi nanena habari ya Kristo na Kanisa” (Ef 5:32).

Kwa sababu hiyo Kanisa ni muhimu kwa wote kwa kuwa ndilo ishara na chombo cha umoja wa watu na Mungu na kati yao. Yesu “aliwapatanisha wote wawili na Mungu katika mwili mmoja, kwa njia ya msalaba, akiisha kuufisha ule uadui kwa huo msalaba. Akaja akahubiri amani kwenu ninyi mliokuwa mbali, na amani kwao wale waliokuwa karibu. Kwa maana kwa yeye sisi sote tumepata njia ya kumkaribia Baba katika Roho mmoja” (Ef 2:16-18).

Kanisa kama jengo

Wakristo walipoanza kujenga mahali pa ibada, pakaja kuitwa vilevile "kanisa" kwa sababu ndani yake lilikusanyika Kanisa hai.

Hivyo mara nyingi neno hilo linatumika kwa maana ya jengo, ambalo ni mfano mwingine uliotumiwa na Paulo kuhusu umoja wa Wakristo, ukiwa na Yesu kama jiwe kuu la msingi.

Majengo hayo ya ibada yanaweza kuwa na ubora tofauti hata upande wa sanaa; baadhi yake yanatembelewa na watalii na kuhifadhiwa kwa bidii kwa sababu hiyo.

Kwa namna ya pekee ni muhimu Kanisa kuu la kila jimbo (dayosisi), halafu Basilika na Patakatifu, lakini pia kanisa la parokia, kanisa la kigango (pengine linaitwa sunagogi, ambalo kwa kweli ni jina la majengo ya Wayahudi).

Madhehebu

Baada ya umoja wa Wakristo kuanza kuvunjika, kwa kawaida madhehebu yaliyotokea yaliendelea kujiita makanisa, ingawa kwa maana mbalimbali: hasa Kanisa Katoliki na Waorthodoksi wanadai kuwa la kwao ndilo linaloendeleza Kanisa pekee la kweli; kumbe Waprotestanti hawatii maanani sana umoja wa Wakristo upande wa miundo, bali ule wa kiroho.

Ndani ya Kanisa Katoliki, linalokubali uongozi wa Papa wa Roma, neno Kanisa linatumika pia kumaanisha kila jimbo na makundi ya majimbo (Kanisa mahalia) yanayochanga mapokeo yaleyale upande wa teolojia, liturujia, maisha ya kiroho, sheria n.k.

Kwa msingi huo Kanisa la Kilatini, ambalo lilienea kwanza upande wa magharibi wa Dola la Roma (Kanisa la Magharibi), linatofautishwa na Makanisa ya Mashariki yaliyoenea kwanza upande wa mashariki wa dola hilo na nje ya mipaka yake.

Marejeo

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  • University of Virginia: Dictionary of the History of Ideas: Church as an Institution, retrieved May 10, 2007 [2] Archived 24 Oktoba 2006 at the Wayback Machine.
  • Christianity and the Roman Empire, Ancient History Romans, BBC Home, retrieved May 10, 2007 [3] Archived 21 Agosti 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
  • Orthodox Church, MSN Encarta, retrieved May 10, 2007"Orthodox Church - MSN Encarta". Orthodox Church - MSN Encarta. Archived from the original on 2009-10-31. http://www.webcitation.org/5kwQxJnKj?url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572657_6/Orthodox_Church.html. Archived 28 Oktoba 2009 at the Wayback Machine.
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  • Mark Gstohl, Theological Perspectives of the Reformation, The Magisterial Reformation, retrieved May 10, 2007 [5]
  • J. Faber, The Catholicity of the Belgic Confession, Spindle Works, The Canadian Reformed Magazine 18 (Sept. 20-27, Oct. 4-11, 18, Nov. 1, 8, 1969)-[6]
  • Boise State University: History of the Crusades: The Fourth Crusade[7] Archived 4 Februari 2011 at the Wayback Machine.
  • United States Conference of Catholic Bishops: ARTICLE 9 "I BELIEVE IN THE HOLY CATHOLIC CHURCH": 830-831 [8] Archived 17 Julai 2008 at the Wayback Machine.: Provides Catholic interpretations of the term catholic
  • Kenneth D. Whitehead, Four Marks of the Church, EWTN Global Catholic Network [9] Archived 26 Februari 2019 at the Wayback Machine.
  •  "Unity (as a Mark of the Church)". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 1913.
  • Apostolic Succession, The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05.[10] Archived 17 Februari 2007 at the Wayback Machine.
  • Gerd Ludemann, Heretics: The Other Side of Early Christianity, Westminster John Knox Press, 1st American ed edition (August 1996), ISBN 0-664-22085-1, ISBN 978-0-664-22085-3
  • From Jesus to Christ: Maps, Archaeology, and Sources: Chronology, PBS, retrieved May 19, 2007 [11]
  • Bannerman, James, The Church of Christ: A treatise on the nature, powers, ordinances, discipline and government of the Christian Church', Still Waters Revival Books, Edmonton, Reprint Edition May 1991, First Edition 1869.
  • Grudem, Wayne, Systematic Theology: An Introduction to Biblical Doctrine, Inter-Varsity Press, Leicester, England, 1994.
  • Kuiper, R.B., The Glorious Body of Christ, The Banner of Truth Trust, Edinburgh, 1967
  • Mannion, Gerard and Mudge, Lewis (eds.), The Routledge Companion to the Christian Church, 2007

Viungo vya nje

Makala hii kuhusu dini ya Ukristo bado ni mbegu.
Je, unajua kitu kuhusu Kanisa kama historia yake, matokeo au athari zake?
Labda unaona habari katika Wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa?
Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa kuihariri na kuongeza habari.

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